and many of the Rogers hybrids are now planted. In 

 the southern states, from Texas to Georgia, the Niagara, 

 Herberaont, Cunningham, as also Norton Virginia and 

 Oynthiana, are most frequently wanted." l_ g, 3, 



Grapes in the North. — Seeking a proper lo- 

 cation for iini|Ms in the northern states east 

 iif the K'lic'ky iii.Hnit:iins, one should make a 

 distinction ln-twecn (jrapes planted for com- 

 mercial purposes and those planted for do- 

 mestic use. If for the former, the climatic 

 conditions must be so perfect that a crop can 

 be depended on eucli se:is,iM with the same cer- 

 tainty as the api'i :it:,i;.> .r ill-' t;t.x collector 

 or the annual ini 1 • : ■' . ni.irtgage. If 

 for the latter, tli' Im- such as to 



glveayield of 1.1,.; .1^ ..ut of live. 



which is better i ' , 1 ' 1 . - at all. Any 

 section in whicli <i . lil.cral season 



in which to maim. 1 , f : ; ihU- place for 

 a household vin. ; :, [ 1 ; I. d the early 

 ripening Tarietii-- nv .,i,,;,,|. For this pur- 

 pose, for black or deep (inriilo. may be sug- 

 gested Moore Early and Worden. During the 

 past three years the Campbell is often favor- 

 ably mentioned. For white or pale green, the 

 Green Mountain, sometimes called the Win- 

 chell, and for red the Brighton, are good 

 varieties. 



The best location for a commercial Tine- 

 yard is along the shores of our lakes or large 

 rivers. The advantage of such locations is 

 due almost entirelj^ to protection from late 

 and early frosts. During the early develop- 

 ment of the Grape industry, many loose ideas 

 were prevalent that certain spots within the 

 different Grape zones had some special magic 

 of sunshine, or temperature, or draught of 

 air, or alchemy of the soil, that gave such 

 superior quality of fruit. The earlier vine- 

 ^"tlne of ' yards at Hammondsport, N. Y., were planted 

 Grape. upon steep hillsides — so steep that terraces 

 were sometimes formed, which made culti- 

 vation and harvesting expensive. Such locations were 

 probably considered superior to all others because 

 some one had seen Grapes grown in similar locations 

 along the Rhine. It was also said that the west bank 

 of the lake was superior because the Grapes received 

 the morniBg sun. Henry O. Fairchild, a pioneer and 

 progressive vineyardist, in time proved the foolish- 

 ness of the idea by planting a vineyard on the east 

 side of the lake, where the lav of the liind made cultiva- 



more easy and the Ora]..s n ivi.l 11h- ;ifliTno..n 



later years, when th-- < irat" s from fitlor slioro 



could tell «l,rtl,cr th.. Irnil .-.coiMil 

 the morning or alt.r.ioon -on. The 

 first vineyards i.lani. .1 in ilir Lake 

 Erie belt were at I'.rocion.i liautuaqua 

 county. The imlu-trv . Inn- alout 

 that initial location n.any y.ars, for 

 it was a popular belief that there was 

 some special current of air passing 



965. Cleft-graft: 



from thehillstothe lake at that special point that did not 

 pass elsewhere. Now there are more than 25,000 acres 

 of vineyard planted between Silver Creek and Haroor 

 Creek, and the yield of that area for the season of 1899 

 ■was about 7,000 car loads. The only marked difference 



GRAPE 671 



of Grape product in all that area is the difference 

 between the conscientious and the careless packer. If 

 there was ever any reason for such an idea as the 

 quality of fruit being influein_'t<l t.\- lo.-ation, it was prob- 

 ably due to ill. iiH ..;., li, ii- . .'i ^oi,,, ,,1,1-^1,1,. jdanter, 

 which led liiin '■■ i .1 , ■ 1 ■ ■ ' ■ 'i -i ■ ■ . I ■ 1 i- wood, and 

 imperfect rip. ; 1 The con- 

 clusion was ,1 li , III- Mill. 1 .11. . ..a^ due to a 



heaven-born bUssuii; ..1 l.„ au..n. lusUail ..I i^ood judg- 



966. Grapes ruined by black 



ithe 



lay much stress on "southern slopes" and "sunny 

 slopes," but in most cases they have said so because 

 some one has said so before them, and not liecause they 

 spoke from experience. Scarcely an acre of the 25,000 

 planted to vineyards in the Chautauqua belt but faces 

 the north, and is in full view of Lake Erie, as the seats 

 , theater face the stage. 



There is one featur 

 stress must he laid, 

 opportunity for frost 

 that the coid air sett: 

 fore, the bottom of 



ion upon which much 



alM- ,..! . -, and that is 



. " .-listed fact 



:: ■ ..■I,.y: there- 



i... r in frosty 



u I1..1.PLI1.-. that a late 

 re Grapes in the lower 

 This is a factor that 



Til. 1. Ill- I... .1 a- inn li nonsense written about the 

 best soils for (irajies as there has been about best loca- 

 tion. One has a vineyard planted on the gravel of what 

 was once the beach of Lake Erie, when it had a higher 



lUu 



commercial 

 frosts shoul 

 ripening fr. 



of trc. „ or , I 

 There is ir 

 the Grape. 1.. 

 Besides bein- 

 vine is far m. 

 than those of ; 



o that he is able to borrow all of the 

 esting tools. Another neighbor has a 

 iug across botli clay and gravel, and 

 •11 one acre cheaper than another. In 

 iting, the period of protection from 



liroad enough so that the difference in 

 rravel or clay should not make a dif- 



ss or failure. For domestic planting, 



I... I 1. r. i-:iM. , Ti,,. ^..::- ..f i^iii. ii most 



43 



