GRAPE 



673 



&^rf^4f^j.mmM%^ 



n1i.,iiM lie vtrnti!.' on thf wiudward side 

 ■ ii' 1 Im [m>~ 1 : I li:,i 1^, uii the side from which 

 1 iiic This is very 

 ' I \ IT 1 IS blowing at 30 



III I i III 11 1 the Tines have 



s iiK I t 111 un s lu-iie ftct of foliage and 

 peihaps three and four tonb of fruit per 

 acre The staples should be of the same 



-5^- 1 - 



rh 



thL 



111 t nil 1 11 1 I th Mnejard 

 111 itiiMt\ II 111 r \ 1 t fruit- 

 i\ II 1 I 111 1 ih II I iiiihes 

 I n 1 w II mix II I \ Near be 

 til iud Ji inches It is not advis- 

 niore than 3b inches apart with- 

 m^ m a middle or thud wire, 

 ling many of the po<5ts will sag, 

 ipper wire will be slack and many 

 ices will be out of pi » e AH of 



fence IS shown m Pig 969- but the Kniffin system 

 the bottom w re 

 3 V neyardists of the Chiutiuqua Grape belt have 



tiultb should 



Ltcd 



be- 



t ire tN 111^ up the canes m sjinig 



A. 1 11 f,e part of the pi uning is done m the 

 winter months — some beginnmgin the fall ^oon afterthe 

 1 op IS harvested T v ) gra les of labor can 1 e en ployed 

 n this operation-the skilled and the unsk lied The 



f k U 



[ out. 

 iTa 



lul 



apor 



8 foot posts aie I 



should be som wl t 1 I I 



for virefen e-f II I I 



the heaviest shoul 1 be tt 1 t f I 1 i t 1 



these bear the stia n of the Mie An experienced 

 far ner need not be tol 1 that the\ ho 1 1 1 e sharpene 1 

 th a true lea 1 pencil taper except ng tl e crooked 

 ones, which should be so beveled as 



The usual distance apart for the posts in the row of 

 Grapes is one post to every three vines, or, in other 

 words, 27 feet, and for ease in stretching the wire, they 

 should be in as straight a line as possible. The posts 

 are driven, but a hole should first be made by an unusu- 

 ally large crowbar with a bulb near the lower end. 

 After the posts are stuck into the holes, they are most 

 coTiviiiirntIv ilrivcn by the operator standing in a wagon 

 whiih is li.iiil, ,1 through the row by a horse. A fair 

 wi-iL,'lit lif maul is 12 pounds, and it requires a good man 

 to swiiii; .1111- III Hint size all day. Iron mauls are com- 

 monly usi'il i riusi- till y lire the cheapest, but one with 



an iron shi'll tlllr.l witli wmd "brooms" or frays the top 

 of the post I'ss ilian 111.' nun maul. Eighteen inches is 

 a fair depth tu ilriM- tin- [.usts on most soils. If the pro- 

 prietor delegati-s the lUiviug to another man, he would 

 better direct that 20 to 22 inches be the proper depth, 

 for to the man swinging the maul the post seems deeper 

 than it really is. 



A vineyard should have a break or an alley at right 

 angles to the rows as often as every 50 Grape vines, for 

 the purpose of dumping Grape brush and shortening 

 the trip when hauling fruit. If the vineyard is in fair 



thrift, longer rows will 

 convenient in hauling ou 

 The end posts should 

 lot, but should also be wi 

 mode is the "hypotenusi 

 4x4 scantli: 



so much brush i 



not only be the largest of the 



ell braced. The most common 



e brace," consisting of a stiff 



12 feet long, with one end 



notched into the post about midway between the two 



wires, and the other end resting on the ground against 



a 2-foot peg of about the same size as the end post. 



The wires (two wires in the Chautauqua trellis) 



1 VI e the 



e L tl uat h man 



1 u with bteel> i e "ht 



I t rwar 1 notch 1 i oint 



I I e expeit with 1 i akes 

 1 ve 1 and a lunge tl ere a I ] I 1 tt m and 



a snip at the top an 1 w th a few more eei ngly -n ild 

 passes all wood is severed from the bearing mi e 1 ut 

 the n imber of buds desired to give fruit another j ear 

 are left. The unskilled help, who receives possibly a 

 dollar a day less than the expert, follows the expert, 

 cutting the tendrils and other parts of the vine that are 

 attached to anything but the trellis. The next process 

 is "stripping" the brush, and it is one involving brute 

 force, ragged clothes and leather mittens. If the laborer 



969. Illustrating 



does not put on a ragged suit, he will be apt to have 

 one before he is done with his job. There is a little 

 knack even in doing this work to the best advantage. 

 The dismembered vines still hi-ng to the upper trellis 

 and often cling with considerable tenacity, and a par- 

 ticular jerk or yank, more easily demonstrated than de- 



