674 GRAPE 



scribed, is most effectual to land the brush on the ground 

 between the rows. , , , ., 



The next operation is to haul the brush to the end 

 of the row. Many tools have been devised for this pur- 

 pose, some of them involving considerable expense. It 

 is now the general practice to use a simple pole-one 

 a little larger than would be used to bind a load of logs, 

 and not so large as required in binding a load of hay. 

 It may be a sapling about 4 inches at the butt and 

 2% inches at the top, ai 

 end is to be held in the 

 be pushed along the gr 

 pole by a rope drawn tl 

 from the butt or groum 

 of the row, it stems t 

 gather any brush at all. 

 first wad, and all the n 

 At the end of the row I 

 nient pile, where it is to be burnt-d. and is dumped by 

 letting the end of the pole held in the hand revolve over 

 towards the horse. If the pole hits the horse, the opera- 

 tor will see that there is not enough stretch of rope be- 

 tween the pole and whiffletree, and more must be 

 provided. 



Tying is done bv women, boys and girls, and cheap 

 men. The tying m'aterials are wire, wool-twine, raffia, 

 willow and carpet-rags. The horizontal arms, at the 

 lower wire, are more or less permanent, and they 

 are loosely confined to the wire, always by string or 

 willow. The vertical canes, which are fastened to the 



GRAPE 



matter. Grapes, like most other fruits, are influenced in 

 character bv difference of location. There are many 

 more Concords sold than anv other variety, yet by the 

 fastidious Grape eater it is thought far inferior to many 

 other varieties. However, as it is the sort the public 

 most want, and is a good vielder, it is probably the most 



The small 



■ butt end to 

 itched to this 

 • about i feet 

 ug at the end 

 lie would not 



■ catching the 

 11 cling to it. 

 1 to a conve- 



)nly tiei 

 n leUL't 



tied with 



uled wife 



top trellis, are now 



of No. 18 gauge, and cut 



economy in using the wire is tin I i i -. ana 



the fact that the work can be il' ' i , ' "hen 



light gloves are necessary. Tin- u-i "i - n' i'l- been 



strenuously opposed by people who have mvii- u^.ed it. 



The objection has been that the fine wire would cliate 



the cane so that the cane would break and fall from the 



trellis. Such instances occur rarely, and when they do 



it is so late in the spiison that the tendrils of the ' 



are ample to hirM it to iIh- ticllK. Ih 

 tied to the win<hv:ir.l ^'ul, •.( ilu- wiv I 

 son that the win- \\;i-^ si;i|,l,-.! on tin' \ 

 the post. In usiiiy thi- wire ti. , ili. "| 

 the opposite side of the trellis fi.iN i 

 lows the movements as illustr.t i 

 This operation puts on the wire » h h - 

 of movements, binds the cane sihil' t 

 makes a loop that falls from the trellis 

 season, when the cane is torn away. 



•ane should be 

 he same rea- 



-973. 

 luber 



970. Tying with 



The first movement. 



should be thoroughly annealod, •jo that it 

 bent and give no sprincr\ r. i ti m if rr li 

 This wire is also un. In' • ' 



trellis when a mitteii' 

 branches in place whil. i i 



To recommend varniK- i i • uii in 



971. The second movement. 



profitable to plant. For the past few years many have 

 wished that all their Concords were Niagara, for the 

 reason that the yield of the latter has been good and the 

 f,yri-r. I.rnir-lit :tt'l<'nst t*"i dollars per ton more when sold 

 j„ 1 ,, I I',. I ,1- till- ...nilition isonly temporary. The 



, , ,i\or; it is latest to ripen and an 



.1 - iL'r. When placed in good cel- 

 I, I! i I. iiiperature is maintained, but 



li,, ill fnize, this variety will keep in good 



: .11 untilthe last of March and first of 

 \ I , I, standard commercial varieties in New 



■i ;,|,1, :,, : ( , , Wordc-n is excellent for a near-by mar- 

 liet but il" ' • -r iihI li,n:; journeys well. 

 Many ti , - ■ I 1 idi-ked before fully ripe, of 

 , |.i .nous example. Grapes have 

 I, ,. tor no maturing development 

 li Hit i.T harvested. As soon as the full 

 hiening period has been reached, the clusters should be 

 gathered by carefully cutting and placing in trays which 

 hold from 25 to 35 pounds. The care in handling should 

 almost equal that taken with eggs. After picking, the 

 fruit should be placed in a fruit house built upon the 



principle of an ice house, but so f " -■■ ^~ ~'— ' 



access to the cooling night air. 



which till 

 not that 

 goes I 



aged as to give free 

 id to be closed 



of the diiy. By 



p stored 

 ing No- 

 ig the balance 



means tlio i, in]., i-niui'.- ..ini m 1 1 

 40°, whi.-li ,!:,-.- I . . 



Ideal moll,, .1. i ,: - i r ■ ■ - 

 sought in iu:iii> II ■ 

 tice is tar mon . 

 (N.Y.)andadjai-ii!- 

 district. Inthef'.iii i 



in this manner ami -Ini'i" .1 '•' ' " 

 vember and Decemlier, and ( 'atavv 

 of the winter. In the latter district the fruit is : 

 most direct from the vine to the consumer. This direct- 

 ness means haste and carelessness that is much to the 

 detriment of the Grapes when they reach the market. 



From 1893 to 1899 the price of Grapes steadily de- 

 clined, and with the decline came a casting about for 

 means to economize in harvesting. One of the ways de- 

 veloped towards that end has been to require that the 

 woman who packs should increase her daily output from 

 80 9-pound haskets to 200. The woman fulfilled the 

 requireiiients without working any harder m one case 

 th-m fho oth^r The increase is at the expense of qual- 

 . \ . t 1. 1, kill.' which at first was at the expense of the 

 n-inii. I . I hipper. but in the final outcome resulted 

 ., 1. -. .1. Ill III. I for the Grapes. The public may be 

 l,...li .1 part ot the time, but sooner or later smart prac- 



