HIERACIUM 



from which it is distinguished by having stiff, usually 

 brownish, rarely white pappus, and oblong or columnar 

 seeds. The cultivated species bear in summer and au- 

 tumn a succession of small yellow or orange-colored 

 fls. There is one white-fld. species, fl'. jiira/f. They are 

 often woith growing in rockeries and waste places, but 

 care should be taken to prevent them from crowding 

 out more desirable plants. H. villoxiim is the most de- 

 sirable species. Hawkweeds will grow in almost any 

 soil or aspect. They are propagated chiefly by dividing 

 the stolons, or by seeds, and if left to themselves will 

 soon form a dense mat of herbage over the poorest of 

 soils. The Old World species are much confused. 



A. Flowering stem leafless or n<ith 1-5 Ivs.: Ivs. mostly 



in a rosette at base of stem. 



B. Scapes unbranched above, bearing but a single head. 

 Pilos^lla, Linn. Mocse-ear Hawkweed. Stem 



slender, 4-12 in. high, stoloniferous, densely hairy 

 throughout: Ivs. entire, oblong or spatulute, narrowed 

 into a petiole: fls. 1 in. broad, pale yellow, sometimes 

 striped or tinged with red or purple. — Commonly flowers 

 the whole season. Int. from Eu. and common in door- 

 yards and fields. Ont. to Pa. and Mich. 



BB. Scapes branched above, bearing several to many 



heads. 



c. Basal Ivs. coarsely toothed. 



vulgitum. Fries (R. umlirdsum, Jord.). Stem 1-3 ft. 

 high, slightly glaucous: basal Ivs. 2-5 in. long, oblong 

 to lanceolate, acute at both ends, petioled, petioles usu- 

 ally pubescent. July-Sept. Int. from Eu. Lab. to N.J. 

 cc. Basal Ivs. entire or very finely toothed. 

 D. I/vs. mostly obovate to ovate, piirple-veined. 



vendsum, Linn. Rattlesnake Weed. Stem 1-3 ft. 

 high, slender, smooth or nearly so: Ivs. 1-4 in. long, 

 obovate to spatulate, subsessile : fls. }4-% in. wide, 

 bright yellow. Aug., Sept. Dry woods. Me. to Ga. and 

 west to Man. and Neb. D. 133. — A common plant in 

 woods. Advertised by one dealer in native plants. 



DD. Lis. mostly spatulate to oblong, green-veined. 



aurantiacum, Linn. Orange Hawkweed. Stem 6 in. 

 to 2 ft. high, slender, somewhat hairy: heads 3-2-1 in. 

 across, short-stalked, orange to orange-red. Juue-Oct. 

 Nat. from Eu. by roadsides and in fields, Ont. to Pa.— 

 A bad weed if allowed to spread. It is worthy of being 

 established in high and dry parts o£ a rockery, where 

 few other plants can grow. 



praedltum, Vill. {B. sfnloniferum, Bess.). Plants usu- 

 ally spreading very rapidly by stolons : stem 2-3 ft. high, 

 slender, glaucous, hairy at base: basal Ivs. entire: 

 heads ^in. across, in an open cyme, bright yellow. 

 June-Sept. Nat. from Eu. along roadsides in N. Y. : 

 sometimes troublesome in cult. land. 



AA. Flowering stem le'ift/, at least below. 

 B. Stent branchiny from the base. 



ramdsum, Waldst. & Kit. Lvs. ovate to lanceolate, 

 narrowed at the base, toothed, hairy on margin and 

 beneath; lower lvs. petioled, upper ones subsessile. 

 July-Sept. Eu. 



uivale, Froel. White Hawkweed. Differs from H. 

 ramosum chiefly in having white fls. and glaucous, some- 

 what leathery lvs., which are not hairy on the margin. 

 A white Hawkweed is advertised and, according to Gray, 

 this is the only white-fld. species in the genus. Tyrolese 

 Alps. 



bB. Stem unbranched below. 

 c. Whole plant silky-villose. 



villdsum, Jacq. Shaggt Hawkweed. Stem 1-2 ft. 

 high, often 4 ft. under cult.: basal lvs. oblong-lanceo- 

 late to lanceolate, narrowed at the base, finely toothed; 

 stera-lvs. sessile, the upper half clasping: fls. lH-2 in. 

 across, bright golden. June-Aug. Eu." Gn. 46:994.- 

 The silvery foliage and showy fls. of this species make 

 it more desirable for the garden than any other Hiera- 

 cium now in cultivation. It is easily kept from spread- 

 ing. 



cc. Plant smooth or slightly pubescent. 



CanadSnse, Michx. Stem 1-5 ft. high, slender: lvs. 

 ovate-oblong to lanceolate, acute, serrate, sessile, the 



HIPPEASTRUM 



749 



upper with clasping base: fls. 1 in. across. June-Aug. 

 Dry woods, N. S. to Pa., west to B. C. and Ore. 



Grondvii, Linn. Stem 1-3 ft. high, stiff: lvs. hairy, the 

 upper oval or oblong, broadly sessile, the lower obovate 

 to spatulate, narrowed into a short petiole: fls. }4-% in. 

 wide. Sandy soils. Can. to Fla., west to Mo and La. 

 S. W. Fletcher. 



HIER6CHL0E (Greek, holy grass; in northern Eu- 

 rope it is scattered before churches on saints' days). 

 Also written Hierochloa. Graminew. This genus con- 

 tains the fragrant Vanilla Grass, the sterile shoots of 

 which are woven by the North American Indians into 

 small mats, baskets and boxes. These retain their fra- 

 grance for years. It is a genus of i:i species of aromatic 

 perennial grasses with creeping rootstocks, flat leaves 

 and contracted or open panicles, found in temperate and 

 frigid zones. The spikelets are 3-tUl., only the terminal 

 fl. perfect. Vanilla Grass is not a good forage plant, as 

 most animals dislike it. The seed seems to be nowhere 

 obtainable, and only one American dealer advertises 

 plants of it. The odor is like that of the common annual 

 sweet vernal i,'i-a^^, A tilln'.ia nthum odonitum, but is 

 more powerful. 11 m-kh-IiIm,. j.; clo.sely allied to Antho- 

 xanthum, but iv .li-tin-iij^lnMl by the.'i-rtd. spikelets and 

 rather loose pani^'l.-^. Aiitlmxanthum having 1-fld. spike- 

 lets and contracted panicles. 



boreilis, Roem. & Schult. {H. odordta. Wahl.). Va- 

 nilla Grass. Holt Grass. Seneca Grass Sweet- 

 scented Grass. Rather slender, smooth, 1-2 ft. high: 

 lvs. short: panicle brownish, spreading, 2-4 in. long. 

 June, July. Eu., N. Amer. B.B. 1:132. 



G. T. Hastings. 



HIGGlNSIA. See noffwunnia. 



HIMANTOGLOSSUM. All included in Orchis. 



HIPPEASTKUM (Icnight or horse and star, from some 

 fancied resemblauce in H. equestre, perhaps of the 

 equitant lvs. and the star-shaped corolla-opening). 

 Amaryllidd.cet2. Includes Hahranthus. From 40 to 50 

 tropical American bulbous plants, now much hybridized. 

 Closely allied genera are Amaryllis, Crinum, Sprekelia, 

 Brunsvigia, Zephyranthes, Lycoris, Sternbergia, Val- 

 lota, which see. The fls. are large and showy, two to 

 several being borne on a stout, hollow, leafless scape; 

 perianth tube evident, often long, dilated in the throat; 

 segments erect-spreading, nearly or quite equal; fila- 

 ments (6) distinct, often with small scales between. 



The Hippeastrums are usually known in gardens 

 under the general name of Amaryllis; and their culture 

 is givPTi in full under that name. Many of them are 

 nohln :.-ii.i. II I, I:. 111^, liut the high price of the bulbs 

 prev. I - 11, ;! ni liecoming popular, although they 

 may i- _ i - !} from seeds. Most of the species 

 were i;i -t d. -. ikm li in the genus Amaryllis, but that 

 genus ditfers in its solid scape and absence of scales 

 between the filaments. 



Very many of the names in trade catalogues are of 

 horticultural forms; and many of them cannot be re- 

 ferred positivrl^ III :,iiv lif ill- niiL'iiKil M" -i- -. Fc r the 

 Bell.a.I.ii.iia 1.:' -. . I. ^ ■ \- . ■. I.ilv. see 



Zephiir.uill.. .. ;..;■.'. ■ : I. - - /■• - ;..-. For 



tUota. Latin-form na 



very likely to be horticultural 



INDEX. 



Ackermanni. 3. major. 6. 



acuminatum, 12. Maranensis, 8 



Albert! 9. miniatum, 12. 



aulicum. 2. pardinum. 5. 



* ' "^ platypetala, 2 



reticulatum. 

 Roezli, 6. 

 rutilum, 12. 

 solandriflon 

 spathaeeum, 



equestre, 6. psittacinum, 4. striatifoliun 



fiilgidum, 6, 12. pulcherrimum, 3. stylosum. S. 



ignescens, 6. pulvenilentixm, 12. subbarb.^tur 



Johnsoni, 14. pyrrochroum, 6. vittatnm. 13 



Leopold!. 10. Regina;. 9. Walter!, 6. 



