HORSE-RADISH 



are made from the roots, not less than one-fourth of an 

 inch thick and 4-5 in. long (Fig. 107C). To facilitate 

 planting the large-end up, the upper end is cut off 

 square and the lower oblique. If set small-end up 

 no growth may result. In liDrizim- 



tal planting this si ml i-mtin^' 



unnecessary. K. it - .1 .w n, ,11 

 sometimes used, Init -im i- tin ■ 

 develop a large imnibi t- 'if I'ni 

 too small for prohtabli- .-riiin. 

 they are employed only fca- imu .1 

 ing stock. 



The land having been pn par.-. 

 shallow furrows are laid nil .;o n 

 apart and 2-5 in. deep, aci.mlin 

 to the method of plaptini; Si t- .n 

 planted horizontally, vert)('all\ . .ni 

 at all intervening angles, tin- I.d-l 

 ends being made to point in 01 

 direction to facilitate cultivatit 

 iigging. The angle 



HORTICULTURE 



755 



HOBSEWEED. Colli 



ter of cho 



beiii 



obtained in each. The usual dis 

 tance between sets is about 12 in 

 Cultivation is given after everj 

 rain, or once in 10 days, until the 

 Ivs. shade the ground. 



Double-cropping is common ir 

 Horse-radish growing, early cab 

 bage, turnip beets and other quick 

 maturing plants being used. Th( 

 sets are dibbled in 2—4 weeks aftei 

 the first crop, vertically, 18 in 

 asunder, between the rows of cab 

 bage. which are not less than 2 ft 

 apart. One management answer; 

 for both crops until the first is re- 1076. Root cuttings of 

 mov^d, when, after one cultivation. Horse-radish {X K). 



HOETICULTUKE (hortus a garden, firi-in iIK ni 111- 

 losure; c«/(»m, tocareforortocultivatc 1. lim 1 1. ultni .■ 

 * the growiuf; id' flowers, fruits and vcg. t.ilili ■>, ami ..t 

 lants tur uniaiiirut and fancy. Incident to the growing 

 i thi- plants an- all the questions of plant-breeding, 

 anati'iii of ]il.uits under domestication, and the bear- 

 i]i,'s .mil .i|i].l]. aiions of many biological and physical 

 I 1 1 1 1 I I ■ 1 II n I 1 1 \ it is an art, but it is intimately con- 

 I 1 at every point. From agriculture it 



nidary. It is, in fact, a department of 

 ' -try is; for agriculture, in its largest 



M.'^s ,.f r-n-'Tv_' |«iv)(lii<-ts from the 

 I 1 In lit ih. word agri- 



1^1 I'lcld-Stuffs, 



. _ 111 annuals. In 

 I 11 II 1- [ I I III ill\ ( cii.idmate,in a 

 I . with forestry and Horticulture. 

 ,'rii'ulture is the tending of the fields 

 isi- parts which, in earlier times, lay 

 111 or protected inclo.sure, or at least 

 lit., friiiu the re.sidence; Horticulture 

 htlii . Ill a within the iuclosure. Equiv- 

 iiltiiji 111 etjTnology is rjanleiiing 

 ■ l.n,. to , iiclnsp, to whi.-li the verb to 



:md I 



vpe 



the Horse-radish 



possession. Deep burying of th 



first crop 



full 



at the time the 

 planted is also practiced, the object, as in 

 the first case, being to prevent the appearance of the 

 former until the latter is almost mature. 



Horse-radish makes its best growth in the cool au- 

 tumn, steadily improves after Si-pti iuIh r. ami, not bi-- 

 ing injured by frost if uridug, is iisii ilK I. 11 until lati 

 before harvesting with plow or spail s,. ,, ,_,,. ,,, pn, 

 is best, since the roots lose less of ttn-ir iTi^pnp-s. pun- 

 gency and good appearance than if stored in cellars. In 

 trimming for storage, the lateral roots are saved and 

 buried for next season's planting. Exposure to air, sun 

 and frost robs the roots of their good qualities and in- 

 jures their vitality. 



The insect enemies of this plant are those that attack 

 other members of the cabbage family, the harlequin 

 bug being the most dreaded. Remedies are the same as 

 for other pests of this group of plants. Only two dis- 

 eases have been reported, and these are seldom trou- 

 blesome. 



In the neighborhood of cities, especially where oysters 

 are cheap, this crop is generally profitable, the usual 

 retail price being 10 cents per pint, freshly grated, but 

 without vinegar. This quantity weighs a scant half- 

 pound. The cost of growing per acre is about as fol- 

 lows: Cuttings (10.000 1® $2), $20; fertilizer (1,000 lbs.), 

 $17.50; cultivation (6 times), $fi: rent of land, $.i: plow- 

 ing, wear of tools, etc., $:!.:iii: -.ttin- mots, at 30 cents 

 per 1,000, $3; total, $'.>. A miiktaiilr crop varies 

 from 3,000 to 6,000 poumls. wln.li m.iy sometimes be 

 sold as high as 5 cents pi i- lb. fm- tir^t-rlass root, and 

 2% cents for second grade. Usually, however, prices 

 seldom rise above 4 cents and 2 cents for the two grades. 

 Under good cultivation, the proportion of No. 1 to No. 2 

 root is about I to 1 by weight. Lower prices may rule 

 in well supplied markets, and higlier in poorly furnished, 

 and when sold in small lots to retail graters, even 7 cents 

 may be obtained. jl. q. Kains. 



EOBSE-BADISH TBEE. lloringa pterijgosperma. 



HOKSE SUGAE. Si/mplncos lincloria. 



HOBSETAII. Equisetum. 



I'aradisus, or account of "a garden ot all ^mi- ol pli as 

 ant flowers," was published in Englainl in luj 1 



The only demarcation between Hortii'ultnii .mil a.:ri- 

 rulture is the line of custom. Sweet jiotatoes are usu- 

 ally considered to be a horticultural crop in North 

 Anierica, particularly in the northern states, but round 

 or Irish potatoes are usually classed as an agricultural 

 crop. Nor is tln-re a dpfinitt- division between Horticul- 

 ture and botatn . '['Ill' s. II ni-i'of plants IS iiot.iny; yet some 

 of the most si.'niiii- ml pn.lili m, n-latm,' to plants— their 

 response to tlii- m 1 iN ot ni m — are oriliii.ii il v resigned 

 bv the botanist fo the liortii-nlturist. Hortn-nlture is a 

 eoniposite of botanical and agricultural subjects. 



Hut Horticulture is more than all this. It is a means 

 iif I xpre^sing the art-sense. Plant-forms and plant- 

 I olor-, are as expressive as the canvas work of the 

 painter. In some respects they are more expressive, 

 since they are things themselves, with individuality 

 and life, not the suggestions of things. The painter's 

 work excels in its power to suggest, and in its con- 

 densed portrayal of expression. But the essentials of a 

 good lamlsi-ai'ie ].ainting often can be presented in an 

 artiliilall\ inaile landscape. This effort to plant what 

 the artist ],aiiits is modem. It is strictly not Horticul- 

 ture, altlionf,-li Horticulture is contributory to the re- 

 sults, as paint-raaking is contributory to painting. 

 Landscape making is fundamentally a fine art. In this 

 work it is treated under Landscape Gardening. 



Horticulture divides itself into four somewhat coordi- 

 nate branrli.- \i,ii:,l- II I.I, I-'l. 125-130): 



Florieuiiiiiv. iir iMiMi- niamental plants for 



their iiidiviiiual u>i-fl or lot ilieir products; 



Landscape Horticulture, or the growing of plants for 

 their use in the landscape (or in landscape garden- 

 ing). 



In the world at larL-e. floriculture is the most impor- 

 tant as mea-iir- i I. ih iiiiniber of people who are in- 

 terested, aii'i I : ill- of species of plants which 

 are grown I - /' ' '). In North America, pomol- 

 ogy is the 111 I I iiiiiiih lilt in respect to commercial 

 supremacy. North America is the great fruit-growing 

 country of the world ( see Pomology ) . Relatively speak- 

 ing, vegetable-gardening is undeveloped in the New 

 World. Landscape Horticulture and landscape garden- 

 ing will appeal to a constantly enlarging constituency 

 with the i,'ro\vt!i of culture and of leisure and the deep- 



life. 



