766 



HORTICULTURE 



was first brought to the attention of the public in 1875. 

 The following year the Lucretia, the most popular of 

 dewberries, was introduced into Ohio from West Vir- 

 ginia, where it had been found wild some jears before 

 by a Union soldier 



The history of the ^oo*; 1 ii\ n \ n 1 tl t 



of the grape. It is a ch u i i 1 1 i 



the low countiies and it w i 



America But, like tht I iii | i 

 nes were attacked by a tuuoju i Lj ii hi ul ilI 



their cultivation precarious. An improved form of the 

 native species must be introduced, and this was accom- 

 plished by Abel Houghton, of Massachusetts, who, from 

 the seed of the wild berry, produced the variety which 

 now bears his name. This variety began to attract some 

 attention a little jirt-vious to IS.-n. although It was not 

 planted frrilvnnfil -i vcr.il v. nr- Intrr ' Via:. 1089). Prom 

 seed <.f •' II : I • •! I' Miing, still the 



most)"'; ■ ill i.'h Houghton 



iialiir,'. W Mhn,r;ulvuutof thel'.'-r^l' . :• i-n s. n n :,,id its 



r-liiril -I" riiirs. however, the Kii^ ■ .'^ are 



:i_Min r. ,111111- to the fore. Hvbri.l- I ■ : li and 



Aiiirri,-:ni t\|..-s, as in the Triunii.li -r ' ..[::i,i'.i:i ,111.1 the 

 Chautauqua, may be expected to bei-oiiii' more popular 

 for home use and special markets, but the Americans 

 will probably remain in favor for general market pur- 



HORTICULTURE 



until about 1850. Cape Cod was the first cranberry-grow- 

 ing region, which was soon followed by New Jersey, and 

 later by Wisconsin and other regions. The varieties now 

 known are over a hundred, and the annual product from 

 time b g^ in the United States is nearly 800,000 bushels. 

 I ill \i I sERY AND Seed Business. -It is impossible 

 I ite for the beginning of the nursery business 

 1 1 I Trees were at first grown in small quanti 

 1 I mere adnunct to general farm operations 



< \ein)r John Endicott of the Massachusetts Colon\, 

 was one of the best fruit growers ot his time and he 

 grew many trees In 1044, he wrote to John W mthrop 

 as follows "My childien burnt mee at least 500 trees 

 this Spring by setting the giound on fire neere them 

 and m 1648 he traded 500 apple trees, 3 years old, for 

 250 acres of land The hrst nursery in Mame is thought 

 bj Manning to ha\e been thit of Ephraim Goodile, at 

 Orrington, established earh in the present centurj 

 Other early nurserymen of Mame were the brothers 

 Benjamin and Charles Vaughan, Englishmen, who 

 settled at Hallowell in 1790 The first nurserj in South 

 Carolma was established bj John Watson, formerly 

 gardener to Henry Laurens, before the Revolution In 

 Massachusetts, there were several small nurserj men 

 towards the close of last century, amongst others, John 

 Kenrick, of Newtown whose son Williim wrote the 

 New American Or tin ii^l 1 iil li I 1 m 18-i3, and 

 which passed throii 1 i 1 1 ii 1 1 1 he trees 



w ere generally t( I nniismthe 



nursery and som 1 1 1 1 1 orchard 



l)i lUL writes in 1" * 1 1 1 i li 1 1 11 1 li uld be al 



lilt „'iow totheheu'lit 1 t >i 1 (, fot li tore they are 



I I I I grafted " Stocks were sometimes grafted at 



I I 1 Ml and even root grafting was known, although 



III w 11 iHlly said that this operation originated with 

 1 bom IS Andrew Knight, m 1811 It is probnble bow 



( ^er, that the root graftingof lastcentury wasonh gr^tl 

 mg at the surface of the ground and that it li id littli 

 similaiitj to the method now in vogue One ot the m w 

 trees 1 hundred \eirs igo was the Lombardy poplar John 

 Kinu k hid t_w. i n s rU \ot( d to it m 1797, and Deane 

 wiite^ 111 1"M, til It thi 1 nilmih poplar begins to lit 

 ] 1 iiiri il in this unti\ 1 <i w li it si/c they will arrive 

 and how (lui ilile flu % will li. in this (ountry, time will 

 disio\er He does not mention it m the first edition, 

 1790 The tree is said to have been introduced into 

 America by William Hamilton, of Philadelphia, in 1784, 

 although Mr Meehan writes that he remembers trees 

 fifty years ago that seemed to be a century old. 

 Manning quotes a bill of sale of nursery stock in 1799, 

 showing that the price of fruit trees was 33/^ cents 

 each. With relatively cheaper money and with much 

 better trees, we now buy for one-third this price. 

 Deane speaks of raising apple trees as follows : "The 

 way to propagate them is by sowing the pomace from 

 eyderinills, digging, or hoeing it into the earth in au- 

 tumn. The young plants will be up in the following 

 spring ; and the next autumn, they should be trans- 

 planted from the seed bed into the nursery, in rows 

 from 2 to 3 feet apart and 1 foot in the rows, where the 

 ground has been fitted to receive them." Nothing is 

 said about grafting the trees in the nursery. 



But the first independent nursery in the New World, 

 in the sense in which we now understand the term, 

 seems to have been that established by William Prince 

 at Flushing, Long Island, and which was continued 

 under four generations of the same family. The foun- 

 der was William Prince. The second Prince was also 

 William, the son, and author of the first professed 

 American treatise upon Horticulture, 1828. The third 

 generation was William Robert Prince. He was the 

 author of "A Treatise on the Vine" (1830), "The Pomo- 

 logical Manual" (1831), and "Manual of Roses " (1846). 

 In the first two he was aided by his father, the sec- 

 ond William. This William Robert Piince is the 

 one who first distinguished the types of the prairie 

 strawberry into the two species, Frajaria Illinoensis 

 and F. loieensis. From a large catalogue of William 

 Prince second, published in 1825 — and which contains, 

 amongst other things, lists of 116 kinds of apples, 108 

 of pears, 54 of cherries. 50 of plums, 16 of apricots, 74 

 of peaches and 255 of geraniums — the following account 

 is taken of the founding of this interesting establish- 



