HORTICULTURE 



ern Europe,— olives, figs, oranges, lemons, pomegranates, 

 •wine grapes, and also apples, pears and peaches. Early 

 in this century the mission of San Gabriel had over 2,000 

 fruit trees, and others had more than a thousand. Fig. 

 1094 shows the yard of San .Juan Capistrano Mission, as 

 it existed in 1889. There are also some traces in Califor- 

 nia of the fruits of the few early Russian settlemerrts. 

 With the American occupation and the immigration 

 from the East, came the eastern American types of 

 fruits, and the state is now the seat of a wonderfully 

 varied fruit culture, although the small fruits have not 

 yet attained that prominence 

 which they enjoy ' 



HORTICULTURE 



769 



pages. "Olive <;n.wiii^." l>..hii(l,.rff, San Francisco, 

 1884. "Olive Cnltnrr.-A. Fl^inKnit , San Francisco, 1887. 

 "The iihv.-.- Artliiir 'I'. Ma.Mii. s-,ii Francisco, 1888. 

 "The 1\:hsiii liidu-ii\. (Iiistav Li^eii, San Francisco, 

 1890. "The Wine Press and Cellar, " E. H. Rixford, San 

 Francisco, 1883. "Grape Culture, a Handbook for Cali- 

 fornia," T.Hart Hyatt, San Francisco, 1876. "Orange 

 Culture in California," Thomas A. Garey, San Francisco, 

 1882. Contains appendix on grape culture, by L. J. 

 Rose. "Orange Culture." W. A. Spalding, Los Angeles, 

 Calif. "The California Farmer," established in January, 



older 



Details of the early Cali- 

 fornian Horticulture are 

 given for this occasion by 

 Charles Howard Shmn The 

 first official horticultural re 

 ports from California i\i 

 peared in the second part t 

 the United States Patmt 

 Office Report fii 1S)1 In 

 this report, Mr \ ■\\ illi iin 

 of San Framiseo j n nti 1 

 statistics from th II in r 

 Ranch, near the Ml i n ■> n 

 Jos^, Alameda countx \\\\ i 

 800 acres were i 1 nit I n 

 vegetables and th ill 

 1851 sold for upw ii 1 I 

 $200,000. The crop of pot i 

 toes, onions beets turnips 

 and tomatoes was 134 200 

 bushels. The same repoit 

 noted an onion weighing _ 1 

 pounds, and at the Fur t 

 1853 the committee on ve.. 

 tables reported a 'white H it 

 turnip" weighing 33 pound 

 a squash that weighed 121 

 pounds, and a tomato weigh 

 ing 5K pounds Thus earh 

 California began to boast of 

 the mammoth productions of 

 her soil. The first official 



report printed in California appeared in a document is- 

 sued by the Secretary of State for 1852. The capital then 

 eniplo\ ed m fruits and orchards was given at $366,910. 

 The niirket garden 

 among single item' 

 $t( 001 upwarl of n 000 OOOpoundsof onions, "worth 

 «ls I ) I t I n worth $72,000." 



•s 1 barrels of olives, 



tics are continued 

 I eneral In Decem- 

 11^ ^ letv of California 



wi rjani7el fter i i tul exhibition in San 



Francisco where almonds figs olives walnuts, and 

 many other fruits as well as vegetables and flowers, 

 were shown. Fairs were held in 18o4 and 18o5, but were 

 not officially reported. The state began to publish the 

 proceedings of the agricultural society in 1858, when its 

 membership was 856, and annual reports have continued 

 till the present time. The California Horticultural So 

 ciety was organized April 5, 1881; in 1883, the State 

 Board of Horticulture was established. Reports of 

 these bodies and of the state fruit-growers' conventions 

 biennially since 1882. The 



have appeared annually or 



State Viticultural Commis! 



and its reports continued 



hundred octavo volumes represent the official output of 



California since 1858 in lines of Horticulture, including, 



of course, the California Experiment Station reports. 



Among the special California horticultural literature, 

 are the following: "California Fruits," E. J. Wickson, 

 first edition, 1889; second edition. 1891; third edition, 

 1900. So many changes and additions have occurred in 

 this book that all three editions will be found very use- 

 ful in libraries. " California Vegetables," E. J. Wickson, 

 1897. The only book on this subject that has vet ap- 

 peared (1900). "Gardening in California," Wm. S. 

 Lyon, Los Angeles, 1897. This is a small volume of 156 



1854, and maintaining a spasmodic existence for a num- 

 ber of years, printed the first pomological and horti- 

 cultural reports of committees, etc. "The Rural Press" 

 was established in 1871, in San Francisco, and still con- 

 tinues. "The Rural Californian," of Los Angeles, still 

 in existence, was established in 1877. "The California 

 Fruit-Grower," commenced in 1888, and still survives 

 (1900). "The California Florist." first issued in Santa 

 Barbara, then in San Francisco, began in May, 1888, and 

 stopped in April, 1889. "The California Cultivator," of 

 Los Angeles, established in 1884. still published. "The 

 Pacific Tree and Vine," of SanJos^, established in 1882, 

 still published. 



California Is now a horticultural wonderland; but its 

 illimitable plantations are depressing to the man of 

 small means and non-commercial ambitions, or to those 

 who would grow for the discriminating personal market. 

 Difficult climates develop the highest type of the ama- 

 teur. 



Periodicals.— Whilst the periodicals of any subject 

 are supposed to chronicle all the fleeting events of the 

 days and years, and to embalm them for future genera- 

 tions, it is the most difficult thing to remember and re- 

 cord the journals themselves. Many horticultural jour- 

 nals have lived and died in this country without having 

 attracted the attnitiMn nf ;i single library or collector of 

 books. They -.rniiiiat.d in the rich soil of expectation, 

 bloomed in the drwy nn>j-ning of enthusiasm, and col- 

 lapsed when the sun rose. It is probably no exaggera- 

 tion to say that 500 horticultural journals have been 

 started in North America. There "are about 40 in the 

 flesh at the present moment. The "Massachusetts Agri- 

 cultural Repository" was started in 1793, and this was 

 the first agricultural journal in the country, but it was 

 as late as 1821 that a horticultural department was 

 added to It. The first journal to devote any important 

 extent of its space to horticultural matters was the 



