ILLINOIS 



799 



obtusely pointed 



aim t gl 

 Tl il — / 



orelhpti 

 p lb— 7 



OS Webb i, Berth ) t-ser 

 ous h s broadly ovite or 

 \oingp]'int<! ** in long 

 11 I 1 t \ IS growth 





(by< 



emotelv reu ite sen xte n „ e 



V oht ir\ s illet 1 ipan ^ / 



h elliti linneol ite remote! t 



1 es ent i^ in long fls j merous (. ilit C F 410 

 nime 1 I Calitomica) ALFRED Rehder 



ILLtCIUM( Latmfoin/?H)f mcH? probabl\ in reference 

 to the i^reeable odor) MaqnoUace(P A hilf dozen spe 

 cies m Japan Chmi India and eastern N Ameiic i 

 Small tiees orshiuls g:lahrous ^\lth thick sh it peti 

 ole 1 entire evfisreen Ivs fl-, small stlitiryor in is 

 m tt mIk f 1\s r bud bcaleh nodding or intliued 

 •\ II ill sepals 3 6 petals minj imbiicated 



1 ir series stamens lO-minj with 



tl rpels usually many forming a ring 



ot I 1 I 1^ The Illiciums aie aromatic plants 



with peiteet fls. 



One of the Illiciums furnishes the Star or Chinese 

 Anise, which is the small star-shaped cluster of fruits. 

 The odor and flavor strongly resemble Anise. It is much 

 used in oriental countries in cookery, and is exported to 

 some extent and is said to be used in flavoring certain 

 French wines. This product comes from China. It has 

 been supposed to be the product of /. ani!}afum of 

 Linn.-Bus, but that plant is a .TupaiK-s.- im^ nn.l it con- 

 tains a poison. In the Anu-rii-in mj-I- n, ih. ::;iiii.s 

 1. anisaliim and I. religiosnn i i ; ii.it 



these names belong to the s;iiii' iii ■ i 'i i. -i:r 



Anise is produced by anotlin- -i.^ ri, - Tin- ^i h.r -pi-- 



scribed and flgured'(as l'. ver,',„i. Hook. f.)'in'B.M. 

 7005 (1888), where the confusion of two or three cen- 

 turies is elucidated. There is probably only one East 

 Asian lUicium in the trade in N. Amer., as follows: 



anisitum, Linn., not Ga?rtn. (/. reliriidsiim, Sieb. & 

 Zucc). Small tree: Ivs. alternate, elliptic, short-peti- 

 oled, somewhat acuminate: fls. mostly solitary, sessile 

 or nearly so, yellowish, not fragrant, with many very 

 narrow petals, "and 20-.30 stamens. Japan. B.M. 3965.- 

 Grown far S. There is a form with variegated Ivs. 



lativ 



floruldnnm, Ellis. Shr 



niiciums growing in the Gulf country i 



small (ii in. long), 0-11. yellowish. 



, C-IO f t. : Ivs. oblong-lanceolate, 4 in 

 ery narrow, dark crimson. B.M 

 . .S0;365.— /. parvitldrum, Michx 

 tly under 4 in. long: petals ver; 



L. H. 



ILLINOIS, HORTICULTURE IN. Fig. 1126. The 

 state of Illinois, lying in the heart of the Mississippi 

 valley, the most fertile portion of the United States, and 

 with its eastern boundary over 700 miles from the At- 

 lantic coast, has a range north and south of a little over 

 350 miles, extending from 37° to 42° 30' north latitude, 

 and a breadth east and west of about 200 miles at its 

 widest point. In spite of its great length, the difference 

 in mean annual temperature between the extreme north- 

 ern and southern parts of the state is only 10° P., 

 although the rainfall in the southern part is one-half 

 greater than in the northern. 



Soil conditions alone considered, Illinois stands, agri- 

 culturally, at the very forefront. Third among the states 

 of the Union (1890) in population, and first in railroad 

 mileage, it is also first in total bulk of agricultural and 

 horticultural products. There are no considerable tracts 

 of worthless land in the state; and the statistics col- 

 lected by the State Board of Agriculture show every one 

 of the 102 counties of the state to be fruit-producing. 



51 



The statistics of the census ot 1890 showed Illinois at 

 that time to be easily third in rank among the horti- 

 cultural states. 



The horticultural interests of Illinois have been well 

 looked after and carefully placed on a permanent basis 

 by the legislature. In 1874 an act was passed by that 

 body establishing the Illinois State Horticultural Society 

 (which was organized in 1855) as a public corporation 



of the state. The State HortictJtural Society is divided 

 into three subdivisions, the Northern, Central and South- 

 ern Illinois Horticultural Societies, each taking in about 

 one-third of the state ( see map ) . The State Horticultural 

 Society has been liberally supported by the legislature 

 since its foundation, and is in a flourishing condition. 



The most distinctive fruit section of Illinois is the 

 southern third. This area contains something over 

 150,000 acres devoted to the growing of apples alone. 

 Other deciduous fruits, notably peaches and pears, and 

 small fruits, especially strawberries, are also grown in 

 large quantities in this part of Illinois. During the sea- 

 son of 1898 over 800 ear-loads of strawberries alone were 

 shipped to outside markets from the fruit districts of 

 southern Illinois. Increased shipping facilities and the 

 coming into bearing of orchards already some time 

 planted are rapidly bringing southern Illinois into com- 

 petition with Michigan in the production of peaches. 



The southern fruit ilistrict. as indicated on the map, 

 lies between 37" and :!;i" :;ii' north latitude, the former 



being tin- lafitu.l ' Norfolk. V.-i., and Hi.- latter that 



of Baltina.iv. .M,l, Th,- .-liioato of tln^ .liMii.'t is best 



perature line also passing through the peach and sweet 

 potato districts of Delaware and southern New Jersey. 

 The 50° isotherm passes through Illinois about on the 

 dividing line between the northern and central fruit dis- 



