804 INDIAN TERRITORY 



mer. Late potatoes yield well, but require more care in 

 cultivation. Onions, beets, carrots, tomatoes and cab- 

 bage all produce good crops, but are not grown in com- 

 mercial quantities. All of these vegetables promise to 

 1)6 money-makers in case of settlement of the country. 

 Melons are grown here and shipped to neighboring 

 markets with fair profits. 



There are apple orchards in the Territory that have 

 been in bearing for 15 years, and are still in fair condi- 

 tion. These orchards are usually near the Indian agen- 

 cies or Mission schools, and are cared for by white 

 people. When Oklahoma, was first opened for settle- 

 ment thern were several wagon loads of apples taken to 

 Guthrie and Oklahoma city, from the Creek Nation. 

 These apples were of as good quality and as fine in ap- 

 pearance as apples shipped from Missouri and Kansas, 

 and sold for a higher price. There are still a few apples 

 taken each year from the Creek and Chickasaw Nations 

 to the border towns of Oklahoma and sold for a good 

 price. The fruit is the same quality as that grown in 

 southern Missouri and northern Arkansas. 



Few peach orchards have been planted, and these are 

 mostly of seedling trees. The light open winters fre- 

 quently cause the crop to be diminished or destroyed 

 by the late spring frosts. 



Plums seem to be perfectly at home here, and are 

 almost a sure crop every year. 



Grapes and berries are usually very free from disease, 

 and bear heavily. The fruit is large, well developed 

 and of a fine quality. 



The soil and climate of Indian Territory are both very 

 favorable to the production of fruit, and with perma- 

 nent white settlement horticulture has a bright future 

 within the borders of the Territory. q ]yi_ Morris. 



INDIGO. See Iiuliijofera. False Indigo. See Bap- 

 iisia and Amorphtt. 



INDIGOFEBA (indigo-bearing). Legumindsa. In- 

 DKiO. Perhaps 250 herbs or shrubs in many parts of 

 the world. Lvs. odd-pinnate (rarely digitate) ; fls. usu- 

 ally small, in axillary racemes or spikes, in color rang- 

 ing from purple to rose and white; standard mostly 

 roundish, often persisting for some time : keel with a 

 spur on either side: pod various, usually with thin par- 

 titions between the seeds. Several species are native to 

 the United States. 



Indigo is mostly the product of I. tinctoria, of Asia, 

 but it is also made from the West Indian species, /. 

 Anil. Other species, even of other genera, also yield 

 Indigo. These species were early introduced into the 

 southern states for Indigo-making, and the product was 

 once manufactured to a considerable extent. The plant 

 was introduced into South Carolina in 1742 from the 

 West Indies. When it was found that commercial In- 

 digo could be made, the British Government offered a 

 bounty. In 1775, the production was more than one mil- 

 lion pounds of Indigo. The war for independence 

 checked the industry, and thereafter the rising im- 

 portance of the cotton crop, amongst other things, drove 

 it to the wall. But as late as the middle of the present 

 century. Indigo continued to be made in remote places. 

 Plants still [M-rsist in some places as escapes from cul- 

 tivation. /'-?;•. / '^N.-toria is perennial, but is grown 

 from s.-i .' ■ I ' r from two to four cuttings of 



herbal.''- m i i-i ■ i The Indigo is not contained in 

 the phuii. I'.ii ! in ■I.. 1^ a product of manufacture from 

 a glucosi.lc nuliLaii v\liicb is contained in the herbage, 

 and which is obtained as an extract. Indigo seed is 

 offered by seedsmen. 



In North America, several species of Indigofera are 

 occasionally grown as ornamental subjects. In the 

 North, they are mostly greenhouse subjects. Propa- 

 gated by seeds or cuttings, chiefly the latter. 



AA. Haceme cia long as or longer than the leaf. 



decora, Lindl. Weak-growing or even half-climbing 

 shrub, the blanches slender and red-tinged: leaflets in 

 6-8 pairs, broad-lanceolate, usually drooping, sharp- 

 pointed: racemes long, with showy rose-pink fls. about 



INGA 



1 in. long: standard oblong, nearly or quite obtuse, 

 with a heart-like mark near the base : wings linear- 

 lanceolate or spatulate, ciliate. China. B.K. 32:22. 

 B.M. 5063. G.M. 31:591. P.M. 16:290. -Regarded as a 

 greenhouse plant and cult, in the open far South. Var. 

 Alba is said (G.F. 7, pp. 266, 376, fig. 61) to be a hardy 

 herbaceous or half-shrubby plant at the Arnold Ar- 

 boretum. 



macrdstachys, Vent. Shrubby, the stems terete and 

 appressed-pubescent : leaflets 8-10 pairs, oval-oblong, 

 obtuse but mucronate, pubescent : racemes longer than 

 the lvs., many-fld.: fls. rose. China. 



Caroliniilna, Walt. Tall and branching: leaflets 5-8 

 pairs, oblong or obovate: fls. small, many, yellowish 

 brown and with short-acute calyx teeth: legume oblong, 

 2-seeded, less than }'i in. long. Perennial, in the pine 

 barrens from N. Carolina south. 



AA. Raceme mostly shorter than the leaf. 



austrAlis, Willd. (/. angulMa, Lindl. I. sylvdtica, 

 Sieb.). A very variable species, known by its glabrous 

 aspect, short or nearly obsolete teeth of the calyx and 

 the pod glabrous when young. Erect shrub: Itts. 9-17, 

 varying from oblong to almost orbicular, ?i in. or less 

 long, obtuse or retuse: fls. red and mostly showy, the 

 racemes sometimes as long as the lvs.; standard trun- 

 cate at the base, with a very short claw: pod nearly or 

 quite straight, terete. Austral. B.R. 5:386. L.B.C. 

 2:U9. B.M. 3000. -Extreme South. 



tinctdria, Linn. Indigo. Fig. 1133. Shrub, 4-6 ft., 

 with silvery branches: Ifts. 7-15, thin, rather large, obo- 

 vate-oblong, pubescent beneath: fls. small, reddish yel- 



(XK). 



low, in short racemes: pod nearly straight, somewhat 

 knotty, 8-12-seeded. S. Asia. — Long cult, and widely 

 distributed. Runs wild South. Indigo was known to the 

 Egyptians. 



Anil, Linn. West Indian Indigo. Pig. 1133. Much 

 like the last, but fls. smaller, and pods curved and not 

 knottv. W. Indies, but now runs wild in the southern 

 states". B.M. 6506. l. h.B. 



iNGA (a West Indian name). Zegumindsw. This con- 

 tains some tropical trees and shrubs, with acacia-like 

 foliage and clusters of showy red stamens. Under this 

 name 3 species are cult, in S. Calif., but 2 of them be- 



