JUB^A 



sheaths: Ivs. terminal, pinnatisect; segments spread- 

 ing, linear-lanceolate, rigid; margins recurved; rachis 

 laterally compressed, convex on the back, acute beneath ; 

 sheath short, open. Allied genera in cult, are Attalea, 

 Cocos, Maximiliana and Scheelea, which are distin- 

 guished chiefly by the staminate fls. In Jubiea the 

 petals are lanceolate: stamens numerous, included, the 

 anther cells connate: fr. 1-seeded. In Attalea the petals 

 are lanceolate : stamens 10-2-4. included, anther cells con- 

 nate: fr. 2-(i-seeded. For distinctions from other genera 

 consult, also, Oocos, Maximiliana and Scheelea. 



spectabilis, HBK. Height 40-60 ft.: Ivs. 6-12 ft. 

 long. G.C. II. 18:401; 111.18:516. Gn.o,p.413. V.8:340. 

 — The southernmost American palm. 



W. H. Taplin and W. M. 



JUDAS TEEE. Cercis. 



JIJGLANS (ancient Latin name from Jovis glans, nut 

 of .Jupiter). Juglandicem. Walnut. BnTTERNDT. Or- 

 namental and fruit-bearing trees, rarely shrubs, with 

 deciduous, alternate, odd-pinnate Ivs., and with incon- 

 spicuous greenish fls., appearing with the Ivs., the 

 staminate in pendulous slender catkins, the pistillate in 

 few- to many-tid. racemes: the fr. a large drupe, con- 

 taiuing an edible nut. Most of the species are hardy, 

 and are very valuable park trees, with a massive, 

 straight trunk, and a light and airy broad top, the best 

 being probably J. nigra, one of the noblest trees of the 

 American forest. .7. rfgia, J. Cnlifnrnlca and the Wexi- 



845 



can species are tender in the North. Though many 

 fungi and insects prey on the Walnut, none of them do 

 very serious damage, the worst being, perhaps, the hick- 

 ory-borer. The wood of the Walnut, which is easily 

 worked and susceptible of receiving a beautiful polish, 

 is much used for cabinet-making and the interior finish 

 of houses, especially that oft/, nigra and rff//«, which 

 is heavy, strong and durable, and of dark brown color, 

 while thatof ./".cuiecenand Sieboldiana is light and soft. 

 The husks of the nuts are sometimes used for dyeing 

 yellow, and the bark for tanning leather. The husk of 



'. CiHCJ-ea has some medicinal properties. The nuts of 

 ill species are edible, and are an article of commercial 

 mportance, especially those of the European Walnut, 

 vhich are the best. This species is extensively grown 



in the warmer parts of Europe, in California and in the 

 east from Pennsylvania to Georgia. The nuts of the 

 native species are also sold on the market, but mostly 

 gathered in the woods, though a number of improved 

 varieties are in cultivation. J. Sieboldiana and J cordi- 

 ^orau's, with nuts superior to those of the native species, 

 will probably become valuable nut trees where J. regia 

 is too tender: the nuts of both are much valued in 

 .Japan. The Walnut ltchs best in moderately moist, 

 rich soil, but J.r,H.r,.i i< moi.- iiiii^ture-loving and 

 J. regia prefers wcll-.lraiii.ii liilUnL-s. They are not 

 easily transplanted wljcii "Id. r. and tlierefore the nuts 

 are often planted where the trees are to stand, but they 

 may be safely transplanted when 2 or 3 years old, or 

 even later when they have been transplanted in the 

 nursery. Prop, by seeds, which should be stratified and 

 not allowed to become dry. A light, sandy soil is to be 

 preferred, as the young plants produce more fibrous 

 roots, while in stiff soil they are liable to make a long 

 taproot. The young seedlings are transplanted when 

 about 2 years old; sometimes the taproot is cut by a 

 long knife. Varieties are often grafted on potted stock 

 in the greenhouse in early spring or are budded in sum- 

 mer, either shield- or flute-budding being employed; 



even top-grafting of old trees 

 About 10 species in N. Amer. 

 S.E.Europe to E.Asia. Trees 

 stoutbraucnes with laminate 

 pith : Ivs. without stipuh 

 of aromatic fragrance when 

 bruised: staminate fls. with 

 a 2-5-lobed perianth and 

 6-30 stamens, in slender cat- 

 kins ; pistillate fls. in few- 

 to many-fld. racemes : ovary 

 inferior, 1-celled, with 4 

 calyx lobes and included in 

 a 3-lobed involucre : fr. a 

 large drupe with a thick, in- 

 dehiscent husk; nut 2- or 4- 

 celled at the base, indehis- 

 cent or separating at last 

 into 2 valves. For culture 

 and further information, see 

 U. S. Dept. of Agric, Nut 

 Culture in the U. S., quoted 

 below as U. S. N. C; see, 

 also. Walnut. 



A. Fr. glabrous or finely ] 



sometimes practiced, 

 uth to Mex. and from 

 rely large shrubs: the 



1195. Juglans Mandschuru 



B. Lfts. 5~1S, almost entire. 

 rSgia, Linn. Persian or English Walnut. Round 

 eaded tree, to 70 ft. : Ivs. oblong or oblong-ovate, acute 



