cordi!6rmi8, Maxim. Fig. 1199. In habit and foliage 

 very near to tlie preceding, but Ivs. less pubescent, and 

 nut very different, heart-.sbaped, much Battened, sharply 

 2-edged and with a shallow longitudinal groove in the 

 middle of the flat sides, smooth and rather thin-shelled. 

 Japan. U.S.N.C. 7, p. 6. 



intermedia, Carr. {J. nigra x regia). Hybrid of gar- 

 den origin of which two forms have been described. 

 Var. pyriJbrmis, Carr.. with a fr. more resembling that 

 of J. regia. K.H. 1863, p. 30. Var. Vilmorini4na, Carr., 

 with afr. more like that of J. nigra. G.F. 4:52-53. 

 Probably also J. regia gibbosa, Carr., with a large, thick- 

 shelled, deeply rugose nut. belongs here. R.H. 1861, p. 

 428. Gn. 50. p. 478. Another not uncommon hybrid is J. 

 quadrangulita, Carr. {J. cinerea x regia. J. alata, 

 Hort.), of which large trees are known as well in this 

 country as in Europe. G.F. 7:435. R.H. 1870, p. 494. 

 Hybrids between J.CaUfornica and J. regia and be- 

 tween J. Californica and </. nigra have been raised by 

 Luther Burbank, and a hybrid of J. cinerea and nigra 

 has been reported from Germany as J. einereo-nigra, 

 Wender. Alfred Rehder. 



JUJUBE. Zisyphus Jiijiiba. 



J0NCUS (classical name, "to join"). JiincHcea-. 

 Rushes. Grass-like plants growing in wet or rarely in 

 dry places, and sending up from the rootstock numer- 

 ous cylindrical, strict, commonly unbranched stems, 

 which bear a terminal cyme of greenish flowers: Ivs. 

 grass-like, terete or flat': perianth of 6 rigid, chaffy 

 parts: stamens short, either 3 or 6: capsule 3-celled or 

 rarely 1-celled, many-seeded. Rushes differ from the 

 true grasses and sedges in having a true perianth and a 

 manv-seeded pod. The genus includes a host of species 

 distributed throughout the temperate regions, but only 

 the following are in the American trade, and are used 

 for planting in bogs and around aquatic gardens. Rushes 

 are sold by dealers in native and aquatic plants. The 

 kind used in making mats in Japan is procurable from 

 dealers in Japanese plants. 



efJiisus, Linn. (J", commhnis, Hort.). Common Rush. 

 Fig. 1200. Stem soft, l-l ft. high, not leaf-bearing: 

 cyme diffuse, 1-2 in. long, appearing lateral : sepals 

 acute, equaling the short, retuse and pointless greenish 

 brown capsule: stamens 3: seeds small, not tailed. 

 North temperate zone. Used also for weaving into mats, 

 etc. Var. congSstua. Hort. Cyme dense and capitate. 

 Var. vitUtus, Buch. {J. effiisns, var. aureo-stricltus, 

 Hort. J. congJomerdins variegAtns, Hort.). Foliage 

 striped with yellow. Var. spiralis, Hort. A curious 

 form with stems spirally twisted like a corkscrew. 



conglomeratus, Linn. Very similar to the above: 

 cymes congested and capitate, appearing lateral: cap- 

 sule obovoid, obtuse or retuse, apiculate. North temp, 

 regions. Differs mainly in the apiculate capsule. Prob- 

 ably much of the trade material named this to be re- 

 ferred to congested forms of J. effusns. 



J. lebrlnus. Hort. = Scirpus T.iberna5montanus, var. zebri- 

 nus. K. M. WiEGAND. 



JUNEBEEEY. Ameiandiier. 



JUNfPEEUS (ancient Latin name). Conifera:. Juni- 

 per. Ornamental evergreen trees and shrubs with oppo- 

 site or whorled, needle-shaped or scale-like Ivs. often 

 on the same tree, and with inconspicuous small fls. : fr. 



JUNIPERUS 847 



a berry-like small cone, usually globose. Many of the 

 species are hardy North, as J. Virginiana, communis, 

 rigida, Sabina, Chinensis, Pseudo-sabina, spharica, 

 Davurica, recurva var. sq>iamata ; others are half 

 hardy, as J. Oxycednis, macrocarpa, recurva, excelsa 

 occidentalis, while some, as J. procera, Bermudiana 

 thurifera and the Mexican species, can only 

 be grown South. All are valuable ornamen 

 tal pUuts and the erect-growing species 

 mostly of pyramidal or columnar habit, are 

 decorative as single specimens on the lawn or 

 it planted in groups. Some varieties form a 

 ver\ n irrow column, and are valuable for 

 foimil gaidens, the columnar form otJ. 

 1 ngiHHina is a good substitute in the North 

 for the classical cypress. The low Junipers, 

 as J communis var. nana, Sabina, and »-e- 

 luiia var <;/»u»in(n, are well adapted for 

 covering rocky slopes or sandy banks. The 

 close grained, fragrant wood is much used for 

 the interior finish of houses and in the manu- 

 facture of small articles, also for posts, since 

 it is very durable in the soil; thatof J. Virginiana and 

 Bermudiana is in great demand for pencil-making. The 

 fruits and also the young branchlets of some species 

 contain an aromatic oil used in medicine. The fruit of 

 J. drupacea is edible. The Junipers thrive best in sandy 

 and loamy, moderately moist soil, but grow well even 

 in rather dry, rocky and gravelly ground. They prefer 

 sunny, open situations. They are well adapted for 

 hedges and for planting as shelter or wind-breaks ; 

 also for seaside planting. Prop, by seeds, which ger- 



1200. Common Rush, Juncus effusus. 



The flower-cluster, a, is natural size. The single 

 flower, 6, is enlarged. 



minate usually the second and sometimes the third 

 year, or by cuttings of nearly ripened wood in fall un- 

 der glass, either outdoors or in the greenhouse. As a 

 rule, those with needle-shaped Ivs. root much easier 



