JUNIPEEUS 



Ijranchlets slender: Ivs. acicular and spreading or scale- 

 like, imbricate, rhombic, obtuse, opposite, often blnish 

 green: fr. J^-K in. across, shining, with 3-G seeds. S. 

 Eu.,N. A£r. 



8. Califdrnioa, Carr. Fig. 1202. Pyramidal tree, to 40 

 ft., or shrub with many erect branches: brauchlets 

 rather stout: Ivs. usually in 3's, imbricate, rhombic, ob- 

 tuse, thick, yellowish green, wiih conspicuous gland, 

 )nly on vigorous branches acicular: Ir. J-J-'s in. long, 

 iFith bluish bloom and with 1-2 large seeds. Calif. S.S. 

 10:517. R.H. 1854, p. 353. 



DD. Color of fr. hluish black or blue, unth juicy, 



resinous flesh, 



E. Imbricate Irs. usualli/ in S's, minutely denticulate. 



9. occideutilis, Hook. Tree, to 40 feet, rarely to 60 

 ft., with spreading branches forming a broad, low head, 

 or shrub with several upright stems: branchlets stout 

 and thick, imbricate, ovate, acute, grayish green, rarely 

 acicular: fr. subglobose or ovoid, M-H in. long, with 

 2-3 seeds. Washington to Calif. S.S. 10:521. 



EE. Imbricate Ivs. opposite, entire or nearly so. 



p. Seeds of fr. 2-6. 



G. Shape of imbricate Ivs. acute: branchlets slender. 



10. exc^lsa, Bieb. Tree, to 60 feet, with pyramidal 

 head and upright or spreading branches: Ivs. ovate, 

 spreading, in ;!'s, on the lower branches, but mostly 

 opposite, rhombic, bluish green: fr. bluish black, 

 bloomy, globular, about ^ in. across, with 3-6 seeds. 

 Greece, W. Asia to Himal. Gt. 46, p. 209. Var. Btricta, 

 Hort. Of upright, columnar habit, with very glaucous 

 foliage. Var. vendsta, Hort., seems hardly different 

 from the former. 



11. prdcera, Hochst. Tree, to 100 or 150 ft., similar to 

 the preceding : Ivs. in 3's, or opposite, lanceolate and 



Juniperus Califoi 



spreading or loosely appressed and ovate-lanceolate : 

 fr. globose, small, about if in. across, 2-3-seeded. Mts. 

 of E. Afr.— Probably the tallest species of the genus. 



GO. Shape of imbricate h'S. obtuse. 

 12. Chin^nsis, Linn. Tree, to 60 ft., or shrub, some- 

 times procumbent : branches rather slender: Ivs. oppo- 

 site or whorled, linear, pointed and spreading, with a 

 white band above or scale-like, appressed, rhombic, ob- 

 tuse : fr. globular, brownish violet, bloomy, one-fifth to 



JUNIPERUS 849 



% in. across, with 2 or 3 seeds. Himal., China, Japan. 

 S.Z. 126, 127. — Very variable in habit: the staminate 

 plant usually forms a much-branched, upright, pyra- 

 midal bush, often almost columnar, while the pistillate 

 has slender, spreading branches. They are therefore 

 often distinguished as var. mAscula and var Kmina (var. 

 Seei'esi, Hort.). The tirst one is the most desirable as 

 an ornamental plant. Var. arg6nteo-varlegata, Hort. 

 Dwarf, dense form, with dimorph Ivs.: tips of bi-anch- 

 lets mostly white. Var. atirea, Hort. (var. rndscula- 

 aurea, Hort.). Upright form, with the young branch- 

 lets golden yellow, the color becomiug more brilliant in 

 the full sun. Var. p6ndula, Hort. With spreading 

 branches, pendulous at the extremities. Var. pyra- 

 midalis, Carr. N:iirn\v. pyramidal form, with bluish 

 gret-ii, iiHisilv iirciic'-viiap.d foliage. Var. procumbens, 

 Endl. (./. ;.,"-,'(//,/'. ..^, Sh-I.. J. JupAnica, Carr.). 

 Dense, luw shiul. with spn-ading, sometimes procum- 

 bent branches and mostly acicular ivs. in whorls, with 

 two white lines above, longer and stouter than in the 

 type. S.Z. 127, flg. 3. Var. procumbens aiirea, Hort. 

 Branches robust and long, decumbent, with raiher few 

 branchlets, young growth golden yellow at first, chang- 

 ing to light green. Var. procumbens albo-variegataj 

 Hort. Rather dense, bluish gret*n form, variegated with 

 white. Var. procumbens aiireo-variegata, Hort. Dwarf, 

 dense form, variegated with golden yellow. 



13. sphserlca, Lindl, i./. Foiinu.i, Van Houtte). 

 Similar to the former. I)<iistly liranched shrub or tree, 

 to 30 ft., with upright l^raiMlus: branchlets short, 

 rather thick, Quadrangular: Ivs. ai-imilar and whorled, 

 but less rigid' than those of the former, or scale-like, 

 rhombic-oblong, somewhat spreading : fr. globular, 

 about J^in. aci-oss, not bloomy, 3-seeded. N. China. 

 P.F.G. 1, p. 59. Var. glatica, Gord. (J. SUphardi, Hort. ) . 

 Dense form, with usually needle-shaped glaucous fo- 

 liage. 



FF. Seeds of fr. l-S, small, %-% in. across. 



14. Virginiina, Linn. Red Cedar. Savin. Fig. 1203. 

 Tree, to 100 ft., with conical head and spreading or up- 

 right branches: Ivs. acicular, spiny-pointed, spreading 

 or scale-like, rhombic, acute or subacute, imbricate, 

 very small: fr. brownish violet, bloomy, globular or 

 ovoid. Canada to Fla., east of the Rocky Mts. S.S. 

 10:524. G.F. 8:65; 10:145. -A very variable species. 

 Some of the most important varieties are the following: 

 Var. albo-variegata, Hort. Branchlets variegated with 

 white. Var. aiireo-variegita, Hort. With golden yellow 

 variegation. Var. Barbad^nsis, Gord, (var. gnlcilis, 

 Sarg. Var. Bedford! Ana, Veitch. J. Bermudiihw, 

 Hort., not Linn.). Tree, with slender, spreading- 

 branehes, pendulous at the extremities: Ivs. bright 

 green, spiny-pointed, mostly needle-shaped on the cult, 

 plants. Gulf states, Jamaica, Barbadoes. Tender. Var. 

 dumosa, Carr. Dense shrub, forming a rounded pyra- 

 mid, with mostly needle-shaped, bright green ivs. Var. 

 elegantisslma, Hort. Tips of young branchlets golden 

 yellow. Var. glailca, Carr. Vigorous-growing form, 

 with glaucous foliage. Var. pindula, Carr. With spread- 

 ing limbs and slender, pendulous branches: Ivs. usu- 

 ally scale-like. Var. pyramldilis, Carr. Dense, o'llum- 

 nar form, with the foliage glaucous (var. yniru M'ul.'tlis 

 glauca) or bright green (var. r'!iramiilnli.'< vlrhlh]. 

 Var. rtptans, Beissn. Low shrub, with horizontally 

 spreading, procumbent branches and slender, curving 

 branchlets: bright green. M.D.G. 1896:296. Probably 

 the same as var. horizontalis, Arb. Kew. Var. Schdtti, 

 Hort. A dwarfish, dense, pyramidal form, with bright 

 green and rather light foliage. Var. tripartita, Hort. 

 A dwarf, spreading form, densely branched, with acicu- 

 lar, glaucous Ivs.— The dwarf forms are often very simi- 

 lar to J. Sabina and hard to di.stinguish without frs. 

 except by the strong, disagreeable odor of the bruised 

 branchlets of the latter. 



15. scopuldmm, Sarg. Closely allied to the preceding, 

 but considered by the author as a distinct species, 

 chiefly distinguished by the somewhat larger fr., ripen- 

 ing not until the second year; by its habit, forming a 

 broad head with stout, spreading branches and often 

 dividing into several stems near the base, and by its 

 shredding bark. The branchlets are somewhat shorter 

 and stouter, and the foliage usually glaucous or yellow- 



