876 



years. At a subsequent date he was made president of 

 the Philadelphia Society for the Promotion of Agricul- 

 ture, and vice-president of the United States Agricul- 

 tural Society, and became an active member of many 



and 1 



thu 



of 



luduytry. 



He edited an American edition of George W. Johnson's 

 "A Dictionary of Modern Gardening," a volume of 635 

 pages, published at Phihulelphia in 18-17. 



In iNt, th.- L;iii.lr.tli iiium ry was niijoved to Blooms- 

 dale, wInTr .Ml'. I.riii.lrcili r.i;il.li-h.i| wliat is believed 

 to bi- thr 111. .-I i-..iii|i|i-t.' siriliiinii ill tlip United States, 

 anil wli.i-.' Ill' pl:iiii.i| iiii iiiinir.inin wliirli perhaps stands 

 uneqiiii!' -i II, I'l. . . ill! I . Ill III. .1. \ . l-|.iin'ntof itstrees. 

 Hewii. -, ' . ! . .1 ■]:. 1 , ,. II..1 Island cattle, 

 then -I I.I .1 J ilieearliest raan- 



ufaetiii. 1 . ..I , ,;,. ,11,.; II ,,i.;ii. hi;,. 1 1 i.iery. In 1872-73 



he cxpermiLiil. d lu .-.icaiii (.luuiiij; uitli a Scotch engine, 

 and in the fulluwing year with an American engine. 

 Subsequently, steam-digging and steam-chopping were 

 experimented with at Bloomsdale, and many improve- 

 ments produced in the machine shop of that model 

 farm. 



David Landreth lived until 1880 in the enjoyment and 

 care of the business which had been so much developed 

 in his hands, and which had reached almost its hun- 

 dredth year. The firm is now one of the thirty cente- 

 nary firms in the United States. During a long life he 

 had served his country in connection with agriculture, 

 a pursuit which he dignified by the wide respect he had 

 gained as an old-school country L">'iHeiie,n. and his 

 reputation as an able and learned i.../n. ninn .-i In early 



life he had lived amid the plant, ' ■ Limlreth 



nursery, one of the show plan- I , lna — the 



mti- 



ith 



Bdenet Landketh. 



-^ 



LANDSCAPE GARDENING. "Gardening may be 

 divided into three species— Isitchen gardening— parterre- 

 gardening— and landskip, or picturesque gardening; 

 which latter is the subject intended in the following 

 pages— It consists in pleasing the imagination by scenes 

 of grandeur, beauty, or variety. Convenience merely 

 has no share here ; any farther than as it pleases the 

 imagination." These are the opening lines of "Uncon- 

 nected Thoughts on Gardening." by the poet William 



LANDSCAPE GARDENING 



Shenstone, 1764. These sentences gave the world the 

 term Landscape Gardening, to embody the growing de- 

 sire to make grounds like nature. Milton, Addison, 

 Pope, and the Dutch painters, expressed the awakening 

 to the charms of the external world and hastened the day 

 ,,f fr. . .I.iin and naturalness. These and others had pro- 

 • • I, ilireetly or indirectly, against the artificialisms 

 111-, as Bacon, also, in the following sentence, had 

 , : :, I. .1: "As for the making of Knots or Figures, with 

 .U\ Li-i Colored Earths, they be but toys, you may see 

 as good sights many times in Tarts. ****** 

 I do not like Imuges cut out in Juniper, or other gar- 

 den-stuff ; they are for Children." 



One does not know what .Slienstone's protest meant 

 until he knows tli. -t^:. ,.| uu.l.niug which had been 

 and still was in V..-. ,■ i i a .re- fantastic construc- 

 tions, elaborate will I, I ,1.1 j'.irmalities, cramped 

 withgeometricalil. ii.ii-. A I;..iii:im -arden (Fig. 1227)was 

 well enough in its iiiaee. but tiiere are other conditions 

 and other ideals. Only rarely cau such gardens as these 

 find the proper setting. If effective, they must be domi- 

 nated or supported by architecture. In the freer atmos- 

 phere of the country, thev are evidenth- „rfiri.-iiil : they 

 are conceits. The reader'will catdi iK. t. . In. - ..| the 

 formal gardens of a later time by I.. I ., ; ; I i_'l'8, 

 which is a reduction from one of )■ , I. - de- 

 signs in his "New Principles of (,,1.1 l 1728. 



Langley seems to have been the extreniest of lt.. metri- 

 cians. In fact, Part I of his book on gardening treats 

 "Of Geometry." Yet his plates suited the taste of the 

 time. The particular plan which is shown in Fig. 1228 

 he describes as follows: "The House opens to the North 

 upon the Park A, to the East upon the Court B. to the 

 South upon the Parterre of Grass and Water C ; and 

 Lastly to the West upon the circular Bason D, from 

 which leads a pleasant Avenue ZX. The Mount F, is 

 raised with the Earth that came out of the Canal EE, 

 and its slope H is planted with Hedges of different 

 Ever-Greens, that rising behind one another of different 

 Colours, have a very good Effect, being view'd from M. 

 I, I, are contracted Walks leading up the Mount." The 

 ideas of the time are further reflected in Fig. 1229,which 

 is a reproduction, on a smaller scale, of one of Langley's 

 pictures of artificial ruins. It is one of his "views of the 

 Ruins of n,iil,1iii--, ,. fi. r the old Roman manner, to ter- 

 minate -1 '.' ' I . nd in disagreeable Objects; 

 which K I r be painted upon Canvas, or 



actually l.,..,i , ,1 manner with Brick, and cover'd 



with Piaisi. rii,„' in liniuition of Stone," 



The awakening loyu of nature and of the spontaneous 

 life, as expressed in writings and paintings, soon found 

 expression also in gardens. In verse. Pope gave rules 



h,,>: 





1227, Garde 



