LAVANDULA 



nam"d from tliem, is a native of Persia, tlie Canaries, 

 and the Mediterranean region, covering vast tracts of 

 dry land in Spain, Italy and southern France, cultivated 

 largely in the last-named country and in the counties of 

 Surrev and Hertfordshire. Eniland. 



In the 

 gardens. 



s grown in but few 

 imatic and soil con- 

 commonly planted, 

 le. The dry soil of 

 I of the Black Belt of 

 to be most inviting 



though IMt III.. ill 1. ■ I, ,: 



thatstateaud lli._- li-l;i Iihh 

 Alabama and adjacent stat 

 to this industrv. 



The generic name is derived from the ancient use of 

 its Howers and leaves in bath piTtumerv. The flowers 

 long retain tli./ir -lr..ii_', ri-.-rnH ■..]^;- iiT'i r ilrNin-.alld 



aromatic, liiitrn-l i i' 1 ■ ' ^ ■ i-'illi- 



seldom administered m iim ^ I ' n-^es 



are in the manufacture ■'! |. 'i.i,'ar 



and lavender water, an all'" ' ! il imd 



other odorous substances. I , ; I i^lish 



oil has long commanded 111' i' i ; ■ I i niitly 



the French i.i-iMlii.-t Ims In ; ,,' n .i .. ij,.i-. Tliough 



all parts uf III. ■ |.l:iiii iir- : il - ih leaves aiid 



obtained Iri.iii n nii\tiir.nl il..u.rs and stems. These 

 grades, ami al-n tin- lii-lilv Milurd product of very dry 



Lavender is hest prupaKaied Ijy cuttings of one sea- 

 son's growth taken with a heel of older wood, in late 

 autumn or early spring. When set 3-4 in. asunder in 

 rather moist soil and shaded, they strike more readily 

 and produce more symmetrical plants than older wood. 

 Seed does not propagate desired varieties, and division 

 is not advised, since plants so obtained are more sus- 

 ceptible to disease than those made from young-wood 

 cuttings. After danu't-r u( fmst. the 1-year-old plants 

 are set 4 li. ii-inrl. r m r. ■ .-. - I. fi . :i|>:iri , ninning north 

 and south, ii.. ,i:; ,: . : : . im-thod yield 



a smalli-i- I' iii. I'alcareous, 



even st..ii\ --il- ui -m - ^^ ini ^ -mi liiiii air are unim- 

 peded by Ufi-s, etc.. liuur Ihis plain. I pi.u such fewer 

 are injured by frost, and the oil is of superior quality. 

 In moist soil so much water enters the plant as to 

 enfeeble it, and upon rich lands yield and quality both 

 suffer. Light fertilizing with stable manure or ashes 

 turned under in autumn, and spring harrowing, are ad- 

 vised. During the first year in the field the plants should 

 be clipped to prevent flowering and to encourage stocki- 

 ness. Vigorous plants so treated may grow to a height 

 and a diameter of 5 ft., and when 2-4 years old produce 

 secondary bloom spikes after the general harvest, which 

 usually occurs in early August. Plantations should be 

 destroyed when 4-6 years old and the land rested with 

 other crops bpforc settins: to Lavender airain. Cutting 

 in clear wiatln-r. in rally lilissiini, brfnrr the dew is off 

 and at oina- ili-tillini,' uivi' l.i-^t n-ulis; liut no delay 



should I iir. ( uniiiu' in wt wi/ailn r. in the heat of the 



day, holding blussuius long lufure distilling and expos- 

 ing them to the sun after cutting result in serious 

 losses. One pound of flowers yields from K-1 drachm 

 of oil, and an acre from 10-25 pounds. The annual out- 

 put of the stills of Urasse, France, is from 80,000 to 

 100,000 kilogrammes. 



"Oil of spike," obtained from a broad-leaved, much 

 whiter and smaller species (L. Spica), is less fragrant 

 than true Lavender oil, being analogous to oil of tur- 

 pentine, with which it is often adulterated. It suggests 



til lin-of rancid cocoanut oil. OfBcinally, it is credited 



with i-arniinative and stimulant properties, and has been 

 fiMuiil useful in nervous languor and headache. It is 

 used by artists in the manufacttire of varnishes, by 

 porcelain painters, and to a small ext'tit in p'M-tuniery, 

 mainly as an adulterant. Prom 2it.niiii tn L'.'..iinii kilo- 

 grammes are annually produced at linis^r. 



M. U. K.UXS. 



LAVATflBA (two Lavater brothers, physicians and 

 naturalists at Zurich, friends of Tournefort). MalvAcece. 

 About 18 species of widely scattered herbs, shrubs and 



LAWN 891 



trees, tomentose or hairy: Ivs. angled or lobed: fls. 

 sometimes 2-4 in. across, variously colored, rarely yel- 

 low, solitary in the axils or borne in terminal racemes ; 

 column of stamens divided at the summit into an indefi- 

 nite number of filaments; petals 5. 



The genus has 5 near allies of garden value, which 

 are all distinguishable by their bractlets. In Lavatera 

 and Althaea they are grown together at the base; in 

 Malva and Callirhoe they are free all the way, some- 

 times absent in Callirhoe; Sidalcea has none at all. 

 Lavatera is further distinguished from Althaea by hav- 

 ing 3-6 bractlets (Althaea having 6-9), and the axis of 

 the fruit surpassing the carpels, which is not the case 

 in Althaea. These plants are of the easiest culture, the 



first species iM-ing tin nimonest, and all prop, by 



seeds. Then- -^irin ti. \«- no double forms. They are 

 far less popiular than Ilnll.N'lnM'ks. 



\. Annual, Jnylmeeoiis. 



trimfistris, Linn. Height 3-0 ft. : Ivs.imhI. Llihinis, 

 upper ones angled: fls. rosy, 4 in. acrn , , , ; :. ,,r 

 axis of the fr. expanded at the apex iiii- . i i 

 ing the ovary. Mediterranean region. \ ar. allia has 

 white fls. Gn. 24,p.89; 51, p.212and 5;!:U.j4. ii..M. luy. 

 AA. Biennial or perennial, shrubbi/ or tree-like. 

 B. Foliage variegated. 



arbdrea, Linn. Biennial, woody at the base, with an- 

 nual flowering branches, forming a shrub 3-5 ft. high or 

 less: Ivs. 5-9-lobed, softly downy on both sides, rarely 

 nearly glabrous; fls. pale purple-red, about 2 in. across: 

 receptacle small, marked with little pits, not exserted. 

 Cult, only in the form of var. variegita, which has 

 mottled Ivs. Gn.23, p. 114. V.8:99. 



BB. Foliagenot variegated. 

 c. Fls. 1-4 in the axils, pedieelled. 



assurgentifldra, Kellogg. Presumably perennial, 

 shrubby, 6-15 ft. high : Ivs. glabrous or sparingly stel- 

 late-pubescent, 5-7-lobed, 3-6 in. wide: fls. purple; 

 petals l-i;^ in. long, with long, narrow, glabrous claws, 

 and a pair of dense, hairy tufts at the base: axis of the 

 fr. low-conical, about as long as the carpels. Anacapa 

 Island. Cult, in Calif .—Franceschi says it makes a large, 

 round-headed shrub, with large red fls., and is one of 

 the best plants to stand saline winds. See Wind-ireaks. 

 cc. Fls. solitary, sessile. 



Olbia, Linn. Perennial, shrubby, about 6 ft. high: 

 hairs of the stem pilose, somewhat clustered, distant: 

 Ivs. softly tomentose, lower ones 5-lobed, upper 3-lobed, 

 highest oblong, scarcely divided: fls. reddish purple. 

 S. Eu. — Not advertised in America, but commonly cult. 

 in England, where it occasionally sows itself. -^^ jj, 



LAVENDER. See La va ndu h, . 



LAVENDEE COTTON is Santolimi Chamacyparissus. 



LA VIA, of one nursery catalogue, is a typographical 

 error for Jjayia. 



LAWN. For most people the word Lawn bears a 

 vague meaning, compounded of their recollection of 

 grass-covered spaces dotted over with trees and shrubs, 

 and of broad areas covered simply with closely-mown 

 turf. Both are correct impressions: but the more im- 

 portant feature is that a Lawn shall be an open area of 

 grass space (Figs. 1245, 1246). Many exceptions or ad- 

 ditions to this definition may, however, be admitted. A 

 great white oak, for instance, rugged aipl |.i. i n r* .|ui' 

 against the evening sky, needs only to I ' i r 



nish an ample excuse for its retention I'll i ■ ' i ni 



this would be a happy chance, not all'i'i 111- m i i- 



ples which should govern the construct ion ut a Ija.vn 

 on an open area. 



It may readily appear that the Lawn will, as originally 

 designed, prove too sunny or too strongly wind-swept 

 over its extended expanse; but the remedy for this will 

 be found to lie not so much in planting single trees or 

 detached groups of trees over the uncovered area, as in 

 extending limbs, points, promontories and peninsulas 

 of trees, or trees and shrubs, directly out from the main 



