LEVISTICUM 



has only one species, and is distinguished by having 

 the bracts of its involucel grown together. 



officinale, Koch. Lovage. Tall : Ivs. dark green, 

 shining ; segments wedged shaped at the base, cut to- 

 ward the apex: fls. yellow: seeds 3-ribbed, hollow and 

 boat-shaped on one side, convex on the other. S. Eu. 



LEWlSIA (after Meriwether Lewis, of the famous 

 Lewis and Clark expedition across the continent to the 

 Pai-ilic in Iw»4i. I'nriiiU'ieticem. The Bitter-root, £. 

 rfidirivit, is :ni i.d.l uinl interesting plant. It has a 

 thick-bran. li.. I imi.i : l\>. like a Portulaca, fleshy and 

 linear, ami liaipl-.Miir tN. h.irne 3 or 4 in. above ground. 

 The tls. an- 1-J in. anos^. rosy, varying to white, red or 

 purplish, with 8-14 petals. The plant has been thor- 

 oughly tested in the East, and is desirable for rockeries, 

 needing perfect drainage, a sunny position and careful 

 watering while in flower. One of those perennials that 

 should be planted in _i u|.- f r li.^t effect, and also as 

 a precaution to \>r. • • ' i .v.rsight in careless 



weeding during tluu . 



The starchy ro"i 1- , ,- i. 1 mlians in spring, and 



eaten. The bark i- .;:;,,;, . ;. iiittpr. but at flower- 



lioilr,! ha- htil,- ..t 111,- liitirr i,-,-tr, I'lp- ro.its from 

 wl.irl, tl„. iilani «a- ,l.-rnl,..l-li,.u,M ~!-ns nflifeafter 



jgested 



them, and thev grew for 



Thi: 



ugg 

 the name redii'iva. The fine fls. figured in B.M. 5395 

 came from a root which had been immersed in boiling 

 water in order to make an herbarium specimen. The 

 root is called spatuluni nr spalluni U\ tli.' Imlian-. Tin- 

 Lewis and Clark eN]i.-.liti-.n h,-,. iil-nnM-.l in iIm- In.n-r 

 of Bernard M'Malion. an -ai-U Am, i-h-;,n l,.,rTh-,ilninM. 

 (See M'Mllho,,}. -V Inll a,-.-,.nnt ,.1 .1.,- |.|,,nl i, -iv.-n 

 by Pailleux and Bui.-, m Li- I'utaytr dun Cuncu.v; also 

 in R.H. 1892, p. 298. Generic characters are: sepals 5-8, 

 persistent; stamens numerous: style 6-8-parted: cap- 

 sule circumscissile. The genus has 2 species. 



redivlva, Pursh. Fls. June-Aug. Wash, and Calif, to 

 Nev. B.M. 5.395. R.H. 1892, p. 298. V. 2:306. Mn. 2, p. 

 ^5- J. ^yooDWARD Manntno and W. M. 



LIATEIS (a name of unknown derivation). Com- 

 pdsitiF. Blazixg Star. Button Sn'akeroot. A genus 

 of hardy perennials, confined to eastern and southern 

 N. America. Fifteen or more species have been recog- 

 nized, all of which are best adapted to the wild-flower 

 border. The most showy are L. , l,;i,in.^ and L. jniruots- 

 tachija. All produce their Howi-r-; in wan<l-lil<.- spikes 



often adding to the eftect of tin- usually l.rn;ht'n.st.'red 

 or purple flowers. Their flowers are produced in late 

 summer and autumn. They multiply by oflfsets from 

 their corm-like base, or may be grown from seed, which 

 should be sown in autumn. They will grow and pro- 

 duce flowers in poorer soil than most garden plants, but 

 thrive best in good, rich garden soil, and require no 

 special care. When grouped in masses they give best 

 results. 



AA. Bracts of involucre obtuse. 



B. Heads hemispherical, 'a-l in. broad, IS-iS-flowered, 



and peduncled. 



soaridsa, Willd. Stem stout, 1-5 ft. high: lower Ivs. 

 spatulate or oblong-lanceolate, 4-6 in. long, K in. wide; 

 upper narrowly lanceolate: heads large, numerous, in 

 a relatively loose spike; involucral bracts often tinged 

 with purple: fls. purple: pappus bristles minutely bar- 

 bellate. Throughout the U. S. and Can., east of the 

 Rocky Mts. B.M. 1709. B.R. 7:590 and 20:1654. G. C. 

 111.14:593. D.271. P.M. 5:27 (as i. 6o-i-ea;is).-Next to 

 L. elegans and pycnostachija, perhaps the most desir- 

 able species for ornamental purposes. 



BB. Heads oblong, S-4 lines broad, 5-15-flowered. 



c. Bracts not punctate. 



D. Heads sessile. 



spicita, Willd. Stem stout, rather tall, 2-5 ft., and 

 very leafy: Ivs. all linear, the lower larger and broader 

 than the upper, which are gradually reduced to the 

 linear-subulate bracts of the spike: heads 8-13-fld., 

 % in. long, closely sessile, and forming a dense spike 



Gul 



Low.-r. |,, j,i ,,. 



in. broad, and o 



spike proportionately short and 



heads larger. \'a. and N. Car 



in the mountains. L.B.C. 2:14 



LIATRIS 909 



ivolucral bracts rounded obtuse, 

 margins. In the Atlantic and 



-. to La. B.M. 1411. 

 IL. pumila, Lodd.). Fig. 1270. 



Ivs. broader, the lower ones i4-% 



E. Lvs. oblong-lanceolate, rela 

 lively short. 

 gT&cilis, Pursh (L. paueiflos 

 ciildsa, Nutt. i. limcrnlat,, 

 Bertol). Stem slender, 

 high: lower Ivs. oblong-l 

 late, upon distin,-: |„ ti,,l, 

 per reduced to -mall 

 bracts: heads in a I,.,,-, n 

 3-5-fld.; bracts .,1' iIh- mx 

 few and rather l,)os,-, ^i. 



Ala. 



id Fl 



EE. Lrs. attenuate-linear, th 

 radical S-1;.' in. long. 

 tenuifolia, Nutt. (i. lari^ii'it^ 

 Nutt.). Stem slender, •. 

 high: lvs. without disti 

 of blade and petiole, only 



pappii 

 Car. 1 



Fla. 



CO. Brnct.i punctate: heads 

 peduncled. 



graminifdlia, Pursh. Stem 

 comparatively slender, 2-3 ft. 

 high : lvs. ciliate toward the 

 base, with scattered hispid 

 hairs: spike less dense, often 

 becoming racemose : head }4 

 in. long ; bracts of involucre 

 punctate, rounded at the apex. 

 Atlantic states, Va. to Fla. 



Brae 



olucre I 



c. Bracts with lanceolate, 

 spreading, rigid tips. 



squarrosa, Willd. Stem stout, "'^^ 

 6-20 in. high: lvs. linear and 

 rigid, the lower elongated and ji I ''i 



grass-like : spike variable in ' '| 



length, bearing few to many 1270. Liatris spicata. 



:%). 



heads, the larger heads 

 long; involucral bracts lanceo- 

 late, rigid, and usually bearing pointed tips. S(|uarrose. 

 Eastern U. S., as far west as Neb. and Tex. B.R. 11: 

 948 is var. intermedia of this species. 



cc. Bracts with closely appressid, mucronate tips. 



cylindr4cea, Michs. Stem 1 ft. high : lvs. and spike 

 as in last species: heads few, 16-20-fld.; bracts of in- 

 volucre abruptly mucronate. Upper Can. to Minn, and 

 Mo. 



BB. Beads 3-6-fld., oblong or narrowly campanulate. 

 c. Inner bracts much longer than the fls. 



«legaus, Willd. Stem 2-3 ft. : lvs. linear, the upper 

 soon reflexed: spike dense and wand-like, 3-20 in. long: 

 heads % in. long; inner involucral bracts prolonged 

 into spreading, petaloid appendages, which surpass the 

 flowers and pappus. Va., to Fla. and Tex. B.K. 4:267. 

 CO. Inner bracts not longer than the fls. 



D. Pappus bristles very plumose: bracts oppressed. 



punctata, Hook. Stem stout, 10-30 in. high: lvs. and 

 involucral bracts punctate and rigid: spike long and 



