LICUALA 



wand-like, dense and leaf}': heads 4-6-fld., % in. long; 

 bracts of involucre oblong, rather abruptly cuspidate, 

 its margins: pappus plumose. Saskatchewan 





> Tex. and Mex. 



DD. Pappus brisths merely barbellute. 

 E. Iiivolucral bracts spreading. 



pycnost4chya, Michx. Stem stout, 3-5 ft. high: Ivs. 

 crowded throughout, the lower lanceolate, the upper 

 narrowly linear: spike densely flowered, 5-18 in. long: 

 heads about ^2 in. long, all sessile; involucre with squar- 

 rose tip.s acute, purplish: pappus copious, minutely bar- 

 bellate. 111. and la., to Ark. and Tex. R.H. 1883:324. 

 Gn. 55:1217. — One of the choicest and boldest species. 

 EE. Invohicral bracts oppressed. 



Chipmanii, Torr. & Gray. Stem a foot or two high, 

 strict and rigid: Ivs. short, the lower oblong-linear, the 

 upper small and awl-shaped: spike densely flowered, 

 often 1 ft. long: heads about 3-fld. : fls. large for the 

 size of the head: pappus grayish, the bristles minutely 

 barbellate, about K in. long. Fla. W.W. Eowlee. 



LIBfiBTIA (Marie A. Libert, a Belgian woman, who 

 wrote on liverworts, about 1820). IridAcew. This in- 

 cludes some tender bulbous white-fld. plants procurable 

 from Dutch dealers, but for northern gardens inferior 

 to our common hardy Blue-eyed Mary ( Tradescantia 

 Virginiea). The fls. appear to be 3-petaled, the showy 

 parts being the inner segments of the perianth. The 

 fls. are about 1 in. across, and numerous in large clumps 

 of certain species. Rhizome short : Ivs. linear, equi- 

 tant: i...rinnih witlii.ut any tube above the ovary; seg- 

 ments Mt'i,\;iir, lii, :; outer usually shorter, firmer and 

 less sli.i- \ iliiii 111. inner, more or less green or brown; 

 stamens mv, rt. .1 at tin- base of the segments; filaments 

 free or connate toward the base: ovules many, super- 

 posed: capsule small, leathery, loculicidally 3-valved: 

 seeds 3-comered. 



The genus has 8 species, found in Australia, New Zea- 

 land, Tasmania and Chile. All are white-fid. except L. 

 cariilescens, which is blue. Botanically it is nearest to 

 Diplarrhena, but in the latter the inner segments are 

 shorter than the outer ones and connivent. Libertia be- 

 longs in the same subtribe with our blue-eyed grass 

 (Sisyrinchium), but in the latter case all the perianth 

 segments are about equal in size. Baker, Handbook of 

 the Irideae, 1892. 



A. Clusters lax: pedicels longer than the bracts. 

 B. Lvs. SS in. long, entirely green. 



pulchMla, Spreng. Lvs. not rigid: stem >^-lft. long: 

 inflorescence of 1 or few clusters, which are 2-3-fld. S. 

 Australia, Tasmania, Xew Zealand. 

 BB. Lra. 1 II. "/■ wfi-e long, with a broad pnle midrib. 



izioldes, Spi-rnt,'. Stem 1-2 ft. long: inflorescence an 

 ample pani.i.- with numerous pedunded, 2-6-fld. umbels. 

 New Zealand. 



AA. Clusters dense: pedicels shorter than the bracts. 



formdsa, Grah. Lvs. rigid, 1-1}^ ft. long: stem 2-3 ft. 

 long: inflorescence of many sessile umbels. Chile. B.M. 

 3294. B.K. 19:1630. Gn. 45, p. 192 (fine habit sketch) 

 and 40, p. 441 \y, jj. 



LIB0C£DBUS lliba.t 

 ing to the resinnns .h 

 iiyn.,ffeyderiu. Im in 

 green trees of pvrainhl: 

 mostly flattened" l.raiM 

 lvs., and rather -mall. 

 the species is quitt bar. 

 in the vicinity ..I ili. 

 sheltered places in l". . 

 forming a symniHtrua 

 green foliage. It is a] 

 wood being light, soft 

 very durable in the si 

 shingles, for th 



drop, tear, and Cedrus ; allud- 

 ra.-t. T of the trees). Conifera. 

 F I M. \n. Ornamental, tall ever- 

 t li.at.it. with frond-like arranged, 

 il. t~. small, scale-like, opposite 

 .\ atr i.r oblong cones. None of 

 . X<. rill, but//, deeurrens thrives 

 ■iry ..f New York, and even in 

 la-s. It is a valuable park tree, 

 . narriiw pyramid, with bright 

 o an important timber tree, the 

 close and straight-grained, is 

 il. anil is used for fencing, for 

 r finish of houses, and also for 

 ship and boat building. The other species are hardy 

 only South, and, though very ornamental trees, they are 

 hardly cultivated in this country; they are all important 

 timber trees in their native countries. The Incense 



Cedars thrive best in a well-drained soil, and prefer open 

 situations; they are liable to lose their lower branches 

 rather early. Prop, by seeds sown in spring : also by 

 cuttings under glass in late summer or fall, which root 

 rather slowly; sometimes grafted on Thuya and Chamffi- 

 cyparis. Eight species in W., N. and S. America, Aus- 

 tralia and S.W. China. Allied to Thuya. Branchlets flat- 

 tened, rarely quadrangular, frond-like in arrangment: 

 Ivs.scale-like.with decurrent base, with or without glands: 

 fls. monoecious or dioecious, terminal, similar to those 

 of Thuya: cones oblong to ovate, with 4, rarely 6, woody 

 scales, the lower pair sterile, small and short, the sec- 

 ond one much larger and fertile, each scale bearing two 

 long-winged seeds, the third pair, if present, connate 

 into a woody septum. 



deciirrens, Torr. (27i ill/a Craijjdno.Murr. T.gigantea, 

 Carr., not Nutt.). White Cedar. Tree, to 100 ft., with 

 erect or spreading, short branches, forming a rather 



branchlets much II,.'' ■ ' ' '' .\' ~.'. ■ '■ ' "'"i 'lIi's! 

 lvs. oblong-ovate, a., tr'-e 



at the apex and anm. .„ ,,.,_,,,..,., ,,. .,i, 1 1,,. i... ., . , ..nt-s 



cronate below the apex, a third connate pair separating 

 the 2 fertile ones. Oreg. to Calif, and W. Nev. S.S. 

 10:534. F.S.9,p.l99. Gn. 29, pp. 266, 267.-In cult. the 

 young trees are conspicuous by their bright and deep 

 green foliage, while the trees in their native localities 

 are mostly of a light yellowish green. Var. compdcta, 

 Hort. Dwarf compact form of globose habit. Var. 

 -glaiica, Hort. With glaucous foliage. 



L. Chilhisis.'Ew]] 'li.-.- 1.. 'la it \uili .■..mi.art , pyr.imid.Hl 

 head: branchlets lull ,s ;;reen. small, 



erect-spreading, ol.i. I- n -onesovate 



oblong, Kin. Ir.n;: ' 11. .. ' 1-.. j. 4:10. R.H. 



1867, p. 41M 'in :.' 1 : ; ;■ 1 . .1 flnmnsa. 



Sarg.). Tr...M.. 1 ■ ,• ., I I .:..l -niillar 



tothefonn. . 1 :.i ., |.i..;m1- 



ing, with. .1.1 , , ■ ,,. , Mitli 



(L.cupr.-... ,. - .. ;..■.■ K" :■ • . ', ..•■. 1.. ', |..M-a; 



Alfred Rehder. 

 LIBONIA floribunda ami Penrhosiensis. See Jacobinia. 



LICUALA (Moluccaname). Palmacea. Low, shrubby 

 fan palms: stems solitary or in groups: lobes of the 

 lvs. long, wedge-shaped, plicate, truncate and variously 

 lobed or split, deeply and irregularly divided; rachis 

 very short; ligule short: sheaths fibrous: fls. large. 

 Species 36 or more, from trop. Asia to trop. Australia. 

 Allied genera in cult, are Brahea, Serenoa, Erythea, 

 Pritchardia, Livistona, Trachycarpus, Rhapis. From 

 these Licuala is distinguished by the carpels of the ovary 

 3-angled, slightly coherent; style single, filiform : albu- 

 men equable: embryo dorsal. 

 A. Les. with lobes more or less grown together: lobes 

 very broad. 



B. Marginal teeth very large, the upper edges bent 



Eumphii, Blume. Petiole spiny below : segments 

 12-15, the inner ones 2 ft. long and 1 ft. wide at the 

 apex, the lateral ones 16 in. long and 4 in. wide, oblique: 

 marginal teeth broadly ovate, obtuse, shortly bifid. 

 Celebes. Cult, in S. Fla. 

 BB. Marginal teeth with tipper edges not bent under. 



grdndis, H.Wendl. (Pritchdrdia grdndis. Bull). Erect 

 palm, the stems clothed above with dead sheaths: lvs. 

 very many, erect-spreading; petiole 3 ft., slender, gla- 

 brous, with stout, short, straight or curved spines along 

 the margins below the middle; blade orbicular or semi- 

 orbicular, very closely plicate, wedge-shaped or trun- 

 cate at the base, concave, the margins with many short 

 lobes which are obtuselv 2-fid : ligule thick, short, acute, 

 broadly ovate. New Britain. I.H. 28:412 and 41, p. 82. 

 G.C. II. 1:415. B.M. 6704. A. F. 7:1145. F.E. 7:982- 

 S.H. 1:344. 



