930 LIPPIA 



soil no matter how poor, rapidly covers the ground, 

 smothers weeds, stands trampling, requires much less 

 water than grass, needs no mowing, can be easily taken 

 out if desirable, and is used in southern Europe for 

 tennis eronnds. Vnss pictures this plant with an erect 

 and tiili''! Iinlit. and refers it, together with h. canes- 

 cent:, t" /,. ,/...;.//"/.,. These two names were kept dis- 

 tinct I'v SrlKiiK [■ in DcCandolle's Prodromus, and speci- 

 mens ul' i'runci-srhi s plant come nearer to i. canescens 

 than to L. nodUlorti. Schauer's distinctions are given 

 below, but there is doubt as to the chief point of differ- 

 ence; viz., whether any of the plants are annual. They 

 all take root at the joints. 



nodifldra, Rich. Stem, h. iIku i,: calyx 2-parted, 



slightly 2-keeled, keels |.ul.iiul..iis; ilie whole corolla a 

 little more than one-twelfth of au inch long. Banks and 

 sandy shores in the torrid zone and warmer parts of 

 the temperate zone. 



A. Plant perennial. 



canfifloens, Kunth. Stem somewhat woody at the base : 

 calyx 2-toothed, 2-keeled, the keels slightly villous; 

 corolla conspicuously larger than in related species, 

 rosy, with a yellow throat. S. America, in dry, grassy 

 places. 



citrioddra, Kunth (Aloysia citriodbra, Orteg. ) . Lemon 

 V'ekbena. Lvs. in whorls of 3 or 4, lanceolate, short- 

 stalked, glabrous, densely covered beneath with glandu- 

 lar dots: spikes whorled and axillary or collected in 

 terminal panicles, which may be 3 in. long and wide. 

 B. M. 3G7 ( Verbena triphylla). Gn. 50:1460. G. C. II. 

 11:1)01. 



A flMfi t liiiill nlways have a few Lemon Verbenas. 

 Savr a .'. ri I I. 'I- in spring, shift them on as required, 

 and i:i : I ]. hinge the pots outside. At the 



appriK .; : .; in:; them into the greenhouse, stand 



them uinlur Ihu li-htest and coolest bench, and give 

 them water enough merely to keep the wood from 

 shriveling. In early February shake the plants out of 

 the pots, shorten the unripened and weak wood, repot 



weeks they will be covered with new growths suitable 

 for cuttings. Cuttings root readily in about 3 weeks. 

 The sand of the cutting-bench should be a little warmer 

 than tin' air. Waf. r the sand twice a day. and k.-..|. it 

 well s.ialx. ,1. N, V, I- allow the cuttings to wilt from -un 

 shine nr dryn. ~s. I'laiisfer the cuttings when mm. ,1 n, 

 2-ineh |int,, and in .\\>r\\ shift to 3-inch pots, pliui^in^ 

 them in a mild hotbed, where by the middle of May. wiih 

 one pinching, they will have become fine, bushy plants. 

 They need frequent syringing to prevent attacks of red 

 spider. -^^ g^OTT and W. M. 



LIQUIDAMBAB (a compound of the Latin liqiiidus, 

 fluid, and the Arabic ambar, amber, the name given by 

 the Spaniards in America from the fragrant sap which 

 exudes from the tree). Bamameliddcew. A genus of 

 about 4 species, the one commonly knipwn lieim; tlie 

 Sweet Gum or Liquidambar of the middle and s.inilji in 

 states, a most interesting tree from its ~\ nnnetii.al 

 head, star-shaped maple-like lustrous lvs.. linllnuit au- 

 tumnal color, deep furrowed bark and corky winged 

 branches. Its branches are short in proportion, and 

 slender, giving it, when young, a narrow, pyramidal 

 head, which becomes, when old, a narrow, oblong 

 crown. Its foliage in autumn usually assumes a deep 

 crimson. Its corky branches, not a wholly constant 

 character, add to its picturesqueness and lend to its 

 interest in winter. In the southern states, where it fre- 

 quents river bottoms and is one of the most common 

 trees, it reaches the height of 80 ft. or more. Farther 

 north, where it is found on the borders of swamps and 

 is rarer, it reaches the maximum of 60-70 ft. On drier 

 and higher ground, it remains a small tree. In cultiva- 

 tion it is of moderate growth, thriving Imth in low. 

 damp places and on higher grounds, reacbinira In iL^litnf 

 30-40 ft. Beautiful at every stage, its haliit aiiaiiis it t.i 

 both informal and formal planting, in the latin- res], e.t 

 particularly to street and park planting, under which 

 conditions it succeeds well. One of the most valuable 



LIRIODENDRON 



trees ill eultivation in the middle an.i -.h,Mh in -tates; 

 iis lark ef haniincss farther north I"-:., i , il.ere. 

 It is 1 r. r fiiini insects and disease-, : .; , , with- 



stand sair air. Its resin resembles lie- ii.Me.i -i.. rax of 

 the Orient. It is propagated by seed.s. wliieh .sln.uld be 

 stratified as soon as ripe, many of them lying dormant 

 until the second year. It requires close pruning when 

 transplanted. 



styracillua, Linn. Sweet Gum. Bilsted. Star- 

 leaved or Red Gum. Alligator Tree. A native tree, 

 80-140 ft. high: lvs. simple, alternate, generally rounded 

 in outline, deeply and palmately .5-7-lobed, serrate, aro- 

 matic, deeidnoiis. L^-lat^reiis lM-l.>\e exef-yit a pubescence 

 in the axils ,if tl,,' v ■ •,,- - la.i - i. ..•:'i'iii--.ivate, acute; 

 petioles (',-, 111. l.i;_ , .-.monoecious, 



in globular li.a.l-. I ,. ... ... I ... - -laa-nisb, Ji in. 



in diam.t. r. m i I i:...iii.-, ih.- [.i-tillate heads 



solitary. 1 i . I. at length drnoping, l-VAin. in 



diamet. r. i i. a i \\iiiter: staminate fls, have no 

 calyx. 1 i. laiuens intermixed with small 



scales; ].i-iillii. il, .ili.re as to their ovaries, forming 

 globular heads which harden in the fruit, having scales 

 for sepals, 4 rudimentary anthers and 2celled ovaries, 

 1-2-seeded: capsules 2-beaked at the summit, forming 

 together a dense spinose head. March-May. Conn, and 

 southern N. Y. to Fla., III., Mo. and Mex." G.F. 2:235. 

 P.G. 3:111. G.C. II. 14:633. Mn. 4:117. Gn. 24, pp. 166, 

 167 and 38, p. 208. 



L. oricntalis. Mill. (L. imberbis. Ait.). A tree of Asia Minor. 

 Very similar to L. styracifliia and differing in that the lvs. are 

 smooth in the axils of the veins. a. Phelps Wyman. 



LIQUORICE. See Ghjcyrrhiza. 



LIRIODENDRON (lirion, lily, and dendron,itee\ re- 

 f. rriiiLT t.i ilie sliape of the flowers). Magnoliicecn. 

 'I'l i.in TicKE. Whitewood. Yellow Poplar. Hardy 

 iiniameiital. deciduous tree of pyramidal habit, with al- 

 ternate, long-petioled, rather large lvs. of unusual shape, 

 and large tulip-like greenish yellow fls. appearing in 

 spring. A very beautiful tree for park-planting and for 

 avenues, with handsome, clean foliage of rather light 

 bluish green appearance, rarely attacked by insects or 

 fungi, assuming in fall a brilliant yellow color; the fls., 

 though of not very showy color, are conspicuous by their 

 size and shape. The Tulip Tree is also an important 

 forest tr'*e, and the soft, flne-grained, light yellow wood 

 t 1 II. Il II.. .i II. .arpentry forfurniture,boat-buildingand 

 : I. et small articles; it does not split easily 



' i: 'ikedandbenttoanyrequiredshape. The 



I'm. it ark I- -aid to have medical properties. The Tulip 

 Tree grows liest iti deep, rich and somewhat moist soil. 

 Transplanting is not easy; it is best done in spring, 

 just before the tree starts into new growth. Prop, by 

 seeds sown in fall or stratified and sown in spring; va- 

 ri.ti.s are u-ually grafted or budded on seedling stock, 

 rar. 1\ i.ri.|.. l.y layers. The seeds are sometimes hol- 

 \"W . . -|>. .lall) those grown along the eastern limit of 

 til.. -|...i.-. (Ilie species in N.America from R. I. and 

 \i. 1.. \\i-.. s..iith to Fla. and Miss.; also occurring in 

 I'liina. I,\s.«itli conspicuous deciduous stipules co- 

 liiriiiLr wli'-ii young and inclosing the next leaf: fls. 

 i.rminal. s..|iiary, with 3 spreading sepals and 6 erect, 

 broadly ovate petals; stamens numerous, with long and 

 linear anthers; pistils numerous, forming a narrow 

 column, developing into a light brown cone, at maturity 

 the carpels, each consisting of a long, narrow wing with 

 a 1-2-seeded nutlet at the base, separate from the slen- 

 der spindle. The Liriodendron is one of the noblest 

 trees of the American forest. 



Tulipifera, Linn. Fig. 1302. Tall tree, to 150, rarely 

 to 190 ft., with a trunk to 10 ft. in diam., often destitute 

 of branches for a considerable height, glabrous: lvs. 

 about as broad as long, with 2 lobes at the truncate and 

 notched apex and 2-4 lobes at the base, bluish green 

 above, pale or glaucous beneath, 5-6 in. long: fls. green- 

 ish yellow, marked orange within at the base, lM-2 in. 

 long. May, June. S.S. 1:13. Em.2:605. B.M.275. Gng. 

 7:259. A. G. 1892:485. Mn. 2, p. 4; 6, p. 145. (in. 34. p. 

 42. V. 20:86. — Var. pyramidile. Lav. (var. fastitjiatiim. 

 Hort. ). With upright branches, forming a narrow pyr- 

 amid. Var. integrifdlium, Kirchn. Lvs. rounded at the 



