MARRUBIUM 



used iu large quantities for confections and medicines 

 for coughs and colds. 



Miiriubiura comprises similar perennials branched 

 from the base, with wrinkled and crenate or cut Ivs., 

 and many-fld. axillary whorls o£ small white or purplish 

 fls. : calyx tubular, 5-10-nerved and with 5 or 10 awl- 

 shapcd teeth. 



vulgire, Linn. Common Horehound. Height 1-3 ft. : 

 stems ascending: Ivs. ovate, stalked: calyx with 10 re- 

 curved teeth, the alternate ones shorter: fls. white. 

 Summer. B.B. 3:84. 



Horehound (or Hnnrhnuiid) in America li:is become a 

 common weed in Xm- Kii-lrind. In.li:iiia atid upon the 

 Paciflo coast, esp.M-iiilly s, mill ..f S.iii l'r;uic-isco. From 

 the last region is ol.i^iinc.l llni, li.iuiid liuuey, a product 

 considered useful in iliv tr.aim.nt of c-uuglis and colds. 

 The leaves and t"p- \<-\\ i- :i luii.r. |..:-iietrating taste and 

 a strong, not unplcLi-:(tir <M|,,r. \\lii,_-h is somewhat dis- 



s well-known uses 

 with tonic, laxative 

 nt properties. The 

 .light soil. It may 

 ' the clumps or by 



sipated by d 

 iu pulmonary trou 

 and, in dnnii-^tir i 

 plantpr,-f,,. ;..lr 

 be readily rr-ii.:!- 



The drills shuuld lie 2 It-ei apart and the plants 1 

 foot asunder. With clean cultivation and moderate an- 

 imal manuring two abundant cuttings should be ob- 

 tained each year. Since the market is fully supplied by 

 the wild plants and since, when once established, it will 

 grow almost spontaneously, the cultivation of Hore- 

 hound is not recommended except to supply private 

 needs. ji. q. Kaixs and M. B. COULSTON. 



MARSDllNIA (William Marsden, 1754-1836, wrote a 

 history of Sumatra). Aschpia(Idce(P. About 50 species 

 of tropical and subtropical shrubs, mostly twiners, of 

 which about half a dozen species 

 under glass. M. Rnyhi. a I'll ■ r :uh1 

 East Indies, was introdu'-''! ' 1: 

 now lost. The genus is all I 

 large white fls., while tli"'< m >i:i 

 purplish, lurid, greenish i.r |..uii 

 cymes umbel-shaped 



II' cult, iu Europe 

 h I plant from the 

 in IS89, but is 

 : MS. which has 

 !■ hia are usually 

 . Lvs. opposite: 

 ched, terminal or 

 axillary: calyx 5-parted: corolla bell-, urn- or salver- 

 shaped; lobes narrow or broad, overlapping to the right: 

 crown of 5 scales: seeds comose. 



B6;Iei, Wight. Lvs. 3-6 in. long, 2-4 in. wide, ovate 

 cordate, acuminate, pubescent or tomentose beneath ; 

 petioles 1^-2 in. long: cymes 1-1 K in. across: fls. 3-4 

 lines in diam.; corolla somewhat bell-shaped; lobes 

 large, fleshy; stigma not extended beyond the anthers: 

 seeds Y^ in. long. " l, h. B. 



MARSHALLIA (Humphrey Marshall, wrote Arbus- 

 tum Americanum, 1785, the first American work on our 

 trees and shrubs; also founded one of the first Ameri- 

 can botanic gardens). CoynpdsiUe. About 9 species of 

 perennial North American herbs, of which only one 

 species, M. ccespitosa, seems to have been offered. 

 Marshallias are tufted plants, growing about a foot 

 high, with entire lvs. and scapes bearing solitary ray- 

 less heads about IK in. across. Somewhat like the 

 common Scabious. These are rose-purple or white, 

 with blue anthers, aud appear in spring or summer. 

 For fuller description, see our manuals. 



caespitosa, Xutt. Tufted, glabrous: lvs. spatulate- 

 linear; upper ones linear: bracts of the involucre 

 linear: disk-fis. pale rose or white: seeds inversely 

 pyramidal, villous on the angles. Limestone soil. Ark. 

 to Tex. B.M. 3704. B.B. 3:443. 



MARSH MALLOW. AUlnea officinaUs. 



MARStLEA (Giovanni Marsigli, Italian botanist of 

 last part of the eighteenth century, or Aloys Ferd., Graf 

 von Jlarsigli, 1658-1730). Mnrsiledcerr. Aquaticflower- 

 less plants (about 40 species ) .with lvs. like 4-leaved clover 

 or oxalis, one species of which, M. qitadrifolia, Linn., is 

 sold and is also run wild in the eastern states. It is a 

 creeping plant, rooting in the mud on the margins of 

 ponds and making an attractive cover. The petioles 

 grow 3-5 in. tall, or taller in the water, and bear at the 



MARTYXIA 985 



apex 4 bright green obcuneate or triangular leaflets. 

 The sporocarps or fruits are nearly sessile at the base 

 of the petioles. Prop, easily by pieces of the runners, 

 and is likely to become a weed. The young leaflets 

 close at night. Europe and Asia. Mn.6, p. 107. 



MARTINfiZIA (Rev. Dr. Baltasar Jacobo Martinez 

 Compauon, archbishop of Santa I'M, who sent many early 

 collections of plants from Peru). Palm&ceie. Orna- 

 mental palms, with spiny ringed trunks: lvs. pinnate, 

 the segments broad, wedge-shaped, alternateorgrouped, 

 the apex truncate and ragged: petioles and raehis 

 spiny, as are also the spadices and spathes of the in- 

 florescence: fls. rather small: fr. globose, 1-ceIled, 

 orange, scarlet or rose-pink. Species 7. Trop. Amer. 

 J.\RED G. Smith. 



Martinezias are beautiful palms, and make fairly 

 good house plauts. They must have a stove tempera- 

 ture. They do not require a great amount of soil. Light 

 sandy loam, with plenty of sharp sand, is best. They 

 need abundant moisture. They sometimes flower in 

 cultivation, but the 4 kiuds given below are distinct by 

 their foliage and spines. Like all armed palms, they 

 are slow to germinate, but after the first or second 

 year they grow tairlv fast. The commonest and best 

 kind is M. <./, ./ .',i !,■/,... v.. hirh has fewer spines than the 

 other specirs m .1, ut: i , inany other palms, shows its 

 true lvs. at a .. : ra-c It resembles the flsh 



tail palms (('ai\ ma .1 m I'l.- lvs. are a lighter green and 

 generally larger. JI. mixK makes a better specimen a 

 ,5-6 ft. than when small. It is much more jagged at th( 

 tips of the lvs. Being very spinv all over, it is less de- 

 sirable. M. Lindeniaiui is more like the first. The 

 spines are longer but imt viry iiiiuierous. M. Granc 

 lensis is of coarser lialiit and slow, r ^-rowth, and desi: 

 able only for large coll.. iio,,-. j, j^ Siebrecht. 



A. Lvs. ,l,r,,!.,l ,„/,. s^,,l,n;itS. 



oaryotseidlia. HBK. Stoms at bn-tli 30 to 50 ft. high: 

 lvs. few, 3-6 ft. long, lif^lit gn-mi; Ifis. in (.'roups. 6-12 

 in. long, 4-6 in. wide at the apex: stem, petioles, lacliis 

 and nerves below, densely clothed wiili Imi;; l,lac-k 

 spines. Colombia. G.C. 1872:181. B.M. i;,s.-4. I'.i;. l': I'.i. 

 CO. Apex of .'iegmevt.'i iritlt a point pn>j> r/inij d-oni the 



Lindeni^na, H. Weiidl. .stions :i-l5 ft. high: pinnae 

 in opposite groups of J to (i. iho (groups widely sepa- 

 rated, long-wedge-shaj.! il. In-M in. long, 8-10 times as 

 long as broad, with a short. pro.iecting point at the up- 

 per margin, the nerves ciliate-spiny toward the end: 

 petiole densely covered with grayish brown hairs, with 

 many rather large black spines 1-2K in. long: raehis is 

 also spiny above and below: midnerve of each segment 

 a trifle shorter than the lower margin and spiny be- 

 neath, like the raehis and lateral nerves: lvs. dark 

 green above, lighter beneath; terminal segment broad- 

 est: fr. rose-red. Mountains of Colombia, at an altitude 

 of 6,000 ft. 



BB. Segments ill 2-4 pairs. 



ordaa. Linden. Lvs. with 2-3 pairs of narrow Ifts. at 

 base and a pair of l.roa.ior ones at the apex, all oblique 

 at the apex. I>i .oini^ boi-, I. town, needle-shaped spines 

 ontheveinsa ■ i 'his cylindrical or obtusely 



angled, meal-, , opines like those on the lvs. 



Westlndies.' i. i . I>7_:lja7. 



AA. Lvs. bifid at the apex. 



Granat^nsis, Hort. (J/. Granadinsis, Hort.). Lvs. 

 roundish oblong or roundish ovate, entire at the base, 

 bifid at the apex, evenly toothed along the edges: pet- 

 ioles and raehis with dark brown, needle-shaped, spread- 

 ing or reflexed spines, J-j-l in. long. Colombia. 



Jared G. Smith. 



MABT^NIA (John Martyn, 1699-1768, professor of 

 botany at Cambridge, botanical author and editor of 

 the largest edition of Miller's "Gardeners' Diction- 

 ary"). Pedalidcew About 10 species of coarse annuals 

 from the warmer parts of America, a few of which are 

 cult, for pickles or for ornament. They have large 

 showy fls. much like those of Catalpa in form, the 2 



