MATRICARIA 



face and ribless ou the back; also in having a higher or 

 more conical receptacle, and bracts in few rather than 

 many series. Matricarias are annual or perennial 

 weedy herbs, often heavily scented, about 25 species in 

 many parts of the world. The foliage is much cut or 

 divided into thread-like divisions. 



The Matricarias are border plants in cultivation, and 

 others are introduced weeds. They are commonly con- 

 founded with species of Chrysanthemum and feverfew. 

 The M. eximia plena of the trade is a form of Chrtjsiin- 

 themtim Partlieniiim (var. tululosum). It is a good 

 hardy annual, with white, double heads, growing 2 ft. 

 tall. Matricarias demaud the care given to annual Chrys- 

 anthemums. The two following are annuals or biennials. 



inoddra, Linn. (Clirysdntliemum inodorum, Linn. 

 Pyrilhrum inodd-rum, Smith). Nearly or quite glabrous, 

 branchy diffuse annual, 1-2 ft. tall, from Europe and 

 Asia. Lvs. many, sessile, 2-3-pinnately divided or dis- 

 sected: heads IJ- in. mTc-s, tiiniinating the branches, 

 with many acute xdiitc i:n s : akenes inversely pyra- 

 midal, with 3 conspicuMin iiliv. Not uncommon in fields 

 eastward. Var. plenissima, lloit. (var. lii/iildsa, var. 



mon garden plant witli \ .i . ::v white, large 



heads, it is floritVron^. ;h i ; i: no for cutting. 



G.C. II. 12:7.:.:i.-It often i- i -i^ - , ; i.:..>.t.is tbe sec- 

 ond year. Foliage little or iiui i.i ., I i • •]. 



parthenoldes, Desf. (M. C'n/i.i/, 1 i I, inn. 



Anihemis parflieno'ides, Bernh. < ■ ■■.■ jhu-- 



thenoldes, Voss). Annual, or In. in ..l nn.i.i n.ltiva- 

 tion, 2 ft. or less high, soft-hairy h in u > "UiiK, but be- 

 coming smooth, bushy in growth: lvs. petiolate, twice 

 divided, the ultimate segments ovate and often 3-lobed: 

 fl. -heads loosely corymbose, in the garden forms usually 

 double, white.— A handsome plant, probably of Old 

 World origin, useful for pots, and blooming till frost. 



Other introduced species from Eu. are 31. Chamomllla, 

 Linn., a glabrous, mv.ch-branched annual, with finely dissected 

 lvs., 10-20 truncate white rays, and an oblong, nearly terete 

 akene with 3-5 laint ribs: and M. discoldea, DC. (M. matricari- 

 oides. Porter), a very leafy and glabrous annual with no rays 

 and a lightly nerved oblong akeue. l^ jj^ g_ 



MATRIMONY VINE. SeeLucUim. 



MATSfiA. Cc 



lilt Jira)ie«iO. 



MATTEtJCCIA (from C. Matteucci. an Italian physi- 

 cist), r- / ; :. \ small genus of north tem- 

 perate fl I . , of two sorts, the sterile grow-, 

 ing ill .! I ii,t rootstocks, and the fertile 

 growini,' 1 1. 1,1 III. n, :. n..r of the crown. Our species is 

 known as tlie (jstricu Fern and is one of the most easily 

 cultivated, as well as one of the handsomest of our na- 

 tive species. It multiplies rapidly by offsets sent out 

 from the rootstock. Commonly known as an Onoclea or 

 Struthiopteris. 



Strnthi6pteri3, Todaro {Striilhioi^tirh Gn-mniiica, 

 Willd. Onoclea Struthiopteris, Hoem.). Ostuich Fern. 

 Lvs. (sterile) 2-6 ft. Ions, with the lowest pinnae grad- 

 ually reduced; fertile lvs. 10-]5 in. long, piuuate, with 

 the margins of the pinnjB closely iurolled and covering 

 the sori. Eu. and northeastern N. Amer. — Wildenow re- 

 garded the American species distinct, but by most 

 isidered as identical with the European 



botani; 



MATTHlOLA (Peter Andre 



Underwood. 



Matthioli, 1500-1577 



Italian physician and writer on idantsK Sometimes 

 spelled J/.W/ii.././. (•)■». ;;./-,/ . St.i.k. (Jilli flower, 

 when usu.l at th.- (.re-.nt .l:i\-. iii.iiiis .Matliiiola Or some- 

 times Cli.-ir.illllni-; t..riii.Tly it .L'si-liated Dianthus 

 Carynpliiilhts. Fn.in I li.-iraiithiis, tin- wallflower, this 

 genus diflers in its winged seeds, which are as broad as 

 the partition, the stigma lobes erect or connivent and 

 often thickened on the outside, the silique not 4-sided 

 (terete or compressed). Of Matthiolas there are prob- 

 ably 30 species, widely distributed in the Old World and 

 Australia. They are herbs or subshrubs, tomentose, 

 with oblong or linear-entire or sinuate lvs., and large, 

 mostly purple fls. in terminal racemes or spikes. 



The true Stocks (Fig. 1377) are of this genus. The 



MATTHIOLA 993 



Virginian Stocus are diffuse small-flowered annuals of 

 the genus Malcomia (which see). Stocks are of two 

 general types, -the autumn-blooming, Queen or Bromp- 

 ton Stocks, and the summer-blooming, Ten Weeks or 

 Intermediate Stocks. By some persons these classes 

 are made to represent two species — J/, ineann and M. 

 annua respectively. It is probable, however, that they 

 are garden forms of one polymorphous type. Even if 

 distinct originally, it is not possible now to distinguish 

 them by definite botanical characters. Stocks are 

 amongst the most common of all garden flowers. The 

 two types cover the entire blooming season, particularly 

 if the earlier ones are started indoors. Most of the gar- 

 den forms are double, although some of the single 

 types are desirable for the deflniteness and simplicity 

 of their outlines. The colors are most various, running 

 from white through rose, crimson, purple and parti- 

 colored. The fls. are fragrant. For culture, see Stock. 



P 





incana, R.Br. Common Autumnal or Brompton 

 Stock. Biennial or perennial, becoming woody at base, 

 but usually treated as an annual: erect-branching, 

 closely tomentose-pubescent, the stems stiff and cylin- 

 drical : lvs. alternate, tapering into a petiole, long-ob- 

 long or oblanceolate, entire, obtuse: fls. with saccate 

 lateral sepals and large petals with long claws and 

 wide-spreading limb, borne on elongating stalks in an 

 open, terminal, erect raceme: siliques becoming 3-4 in. 

 long, erect. Mediterranean region; also Isle of Wight. 

 — J/, glahrata, DC, is a glabrous form. 



Var. innua, Voss (M. annua. Sweet). Ten-Weeks, 

 or Intermediate Stocks. Fig. 1377. Annual, less 

 woody, blooming earlier.— A shining-lvd. variety is 

 known. 



