1020 



MINNESOTA 



five species first named do well under cultivation, and 

 large qjaantities are raised for home consumption and 

 are profitably marketed. The Concord, Wordeu, Dela- 

 ware, and grapes of similar character, are easily raised 

 in the many good locations along the lake shores and 

 the river bluffs, and this is an important industry not- 

 withstanding the fact that they have to be covered in win- 

 ter, which adds somewhat to the expense of culture. 

 However, on account of the peculiar adaptability of the 

 Delaware grape to some of our soils and to the climate, 

 it is raised with profit in competition with the growers 

 of the eastern states, though the Concord is not high 

 enough in price by one cent a pound to permit of this 

 to any great extent. 



Apples are raised on a commercial scale in southern 

 and eastern Minnesota, the high, rolling land in the 

 southeastern portion being especially well adapted to 

 their cultivation. The varieties of the eastern and cen- 

 tral states generally prove a failure here. The Duchess 

 of Oldenburg is the standard of hardiness in apples, and 

 can be grown successfully in good locations as far north 

 as St. Paul, and in a small way 100 miles further north. 

 The Talman Sweet is raised to some ext.-nt. but is liable 

 to suffer in si-v,i.' .sii,!,,- TIm^ :\rii,iM ...i ;, -, r,lling 

 apple known as il '\ .' ' _,,!,! : |,,,,t- 



itable kind gmu i -.. ., , , -, ii \; , i,ii,r- 

 est centers ar-'iih' . ' ■ ■ , ,■ i . ,u ^ i>i ap- 

 ples of tiniiv,r,| I .-,•.,, ,,, ;,i;,i ;, ), i, ,.[ ,1,,. Kussiuu 

 sorts :nv i.i'i ! -:iii^l:ii'n.i\ . Tlir hardlL-st va- 

 riety <■ I' I! ■. I i. . r ir r.iiiiHl iv'ilic Hibernal, which 

 repres.hi ,,, 'nr imniiiin ai-pl. - iliut will thrive 



on suitriiili- -,,i[ i„ :i[ ^t any]M.rtioii c.f tlie state. The 



Charlanioff is an<jthcr very hardy early autumn apple of 

 the same class. Such hybrid crabs as the Transcendent, 

 Martha,Gideon No.6 and Minnesota mavbe successfully 

 grown in suitable locations and soil over most of the state. 



The Aiiirii.aiKi class of plums is found growing wild 

 all oviT tlii -t 111-, aii.l the fruit is gathered in large 



quantiti. ~. I'l iiltivated sorts of this class are easily 



grown ivnywhi IV. Wild plums can generally be 

 obtained in abundance in autumn at about $1.50 per 

 bushel. There is no variety of any other class of plums 

 that is appreciably cultivated, although in very favor- 

 able locations a few of the Japan and domestic sorts 

 are generally grown. 



Cherries may be successfully grown on a large scale 

 in extreme southeastern Minnesota, and there are some 

 commercial orchards; there but generally throughout 

 the state the fruit buds are so injured in winter that the 

 trees arc uii|.n)(lii.'ti\ r. although they may make a very 



Pears -. n. lally lili-lif to death early, and there is no 

 variety that is -,ii, rally cultivated. Several of the 

 Russian pears are as hardy as the Duchess apple, but 

 they have died, so far as tried, from blight before be- 

 coming very productive. Apricots are not sufficiently 



The most comnK.ii ininrv t.i trees is known as sun- 

 scald of the trunk-, will. I, ,.ii.n causes severe loss. It 

 is easily avoid. 1 1 i i : , trunks. Blight seri- 



ously injures s..iih ■ . , ;,|,ples. Winter protec- 



tion of various kinl- I I I I i: ,i;t and carefully attended 

 to by our best horticulturists. 



Vegetables of all the kinds grown in the northern 

 states are very easily raised, and the display of these 

 products in the large markets is very excellent. Cab- 

 bage, cauliflower, celery, peas, lettuce, potatoes, beans, 

 com, cucumbers, tomatoes, squash, watermelons, musk- 

 melons and eggplant are to be had in abundance, and 

 the markets are often glutted with them. Native musk- 

 melons and tomatoes occasionally retail at 10 to 15 cts. 

 per bushel. The canning of vegetables is becoming an 

 important industry at several points. The climate 

 seems to be especially favorable to vegetables, and there 

 is much less trouble from diseases than in many more 

 humid sections. 



The demand for ornamental horticulture is consider- 

 able and rapidly increasing, giving investment to per- 

 haps $200,000 in the greenhouse business, and adds no 

 small sum to the receipts of the several large and the 

 many small nurseries in the state. The lore for horti- 

 culture is also shown by the immense sums spent by the 

 cities and small towns for public parks. St. Paul and 



MIRABILIS 



Minneapolis together have upwards of 3,000 acres in 

 their public parks, which are well cared for, very 

 beautiful, and visited by at least two million persons 

 each year. 



The Minnesota State Horticultural Society is a very 

 strong and popular organization, having a member- 

 ship list of about 800, each of whom pay an annual 

 membership fee of $1. It publishes, at the expense of 

 the state, a monthly journal and an annual report. 

 It also receives aid 'from the state to the amount of 

 $1,500 annually. It has recently offered $1,000 for a 

 seedling winter apple especially adapted to Minnesota 

 conditions. Great interest is taken in the raising of 

 seedling apples, and at some of the state fair meetings 

 more than 300 separate varieties of Minnesota origin 

 have been shown. 



The state experiment station is located near St. Paul 

 and pays considerable attention to horticulture. It has 



iiii. Ill -i:iii"iis, located in various parts of 

 - located at Owatonna, and is 

 : -: ly to the raising of seedling 

 \ -: t M .;iiiii :il jicpartment of the university 

 ruiMii. .1 iii attendance in the school year 

 I .111- hundred of these attended the agri- 

 ^' honl, where, in addition to the other 

 U'iics, much attention is paid to horticul- 

 "> ■ Samuel B. Gbeen. 



.Vriitlin. 



MINT GERANIUM. Cl,ri/s 



If lie 



Balsa 



MIEABILIS ( Admirabilis, meaning wonderful, 

 strange: shortened by Linnasus to Mirabilis). Nyctaffind- 

 cem. About 10 species of the warmer parts of America, 



