MUSHROOJJ 



rords small rouiuli'il 

 ejrowth of ths thn-a-ls 

 size and grow towiu.l 

 one is the young si:.ui' 

 it enlarges, the iipi'ii- 

 short stalk, thus outli 

 different parts of the i 



s formed by the upward 

 .ilium. These increase in 

 il:ir,. of the ground. Each 



' of the Mushroom. As 



I'.nrs as a round body on a 

 n the embryonic stage the 

 plant. The gills are form- 



MUSHEOOM 



1043 



formity on the part ..t s^ vt. ni iii^f- in tin c hdice of a 



generic name for tl M i I i . m Saccardo 



retained the genus \ i n i n Mushroom 



and its near allies ih subgenus 



Psalliota. Some hu I I il ., n is Agaricus, 



some Psalliota, others I'l iii II [, .mil still others propose 

 to restore the antiquated genus Fungus, and call our 

 plant Fungiii, ca>iii>ei.tns. This is not the place for a 



this ! 

 ium . 



the stem (seen 



formed I.n iny^i: :^M"wiiio' il..wiiwar.l nil til.- under 



side of till' cap in radiating rows, thus forming the la- 

 mellee. The plant now continues to enlarge and the 

 cap expands. Just about maturity the veil ceases to 

 grow and the expanding cap thus stretches it until finally 

 the veil is ruptured, usually next the margin of the cap, 

 and then it hangs as a collar or ri 

 at a. Fig. Ulli. 



Position of Agaricus compcsiris 

 One of the large subdivisions of 

 made up of the Mushrooms. toad- 

 All of these are character! zr.l liv 

 developed fruiting surfaci . or ;, ,, 

 tural element of the hymenium is 

 the large number of the siterii^ iln- 

 does not vary to any great i\i. nt 1 

 mon Mushroom. The basi.liiiiM.il 

 istio fruit structure of this hu- 

 fungi. For this reason, tie' ].l.iiii^ 

 division are tenne.l ili.- /.•.',<.-/.-„,, 

 myoetes, taken in ilio s.n-o oi ili 

 the fungi, were ili\ niiii inio n\o 



the hynieniuin of .1;/(U-iVhs cuiiipestris , at first covered 

 by the veil, is exposed before the maturity of the spores 

 ,by the rupture of the veil. The Mushrooms, toadstools, 

 etc., belong, therefore, to the Hyraenoraycetes. In the 

 Gasteromycetes, on the other hand, the spores are ma- 

 tured before the hymenium is exposed, as in the puff- 

 ball, earth-star, etc., which open after the spores are 

 ripe. 



Familh-^ '■' Ih.' //-„„o.).'o.,»r-,./,.,,._The usage of the 



earlier l."i -'- '■■ >''■- o - ,,, , m.'nt of families will 



be follo\\ ; not an opportunity to 



properl.v .,11 . 1 i i ' oi .•hissification adopted 



by some n.. ni sy ,i,.|,i.i(,,. N.oiks. The arrangement 

 depends on the character of the fruiting surface or 

 hymenium. 



A. Fruiting surface uneven; i. e., in the form of plates, 

 tubes or spinous processes. 



1. Agaricacese, fruiting surface in the form of plates 



or gills. 



2. Polyporaceae, fruiting surface in the form of pores 



;! Hj dnacese fruiting surface m the form of spinous 



or tuberetil \v processes 

 AA Fruitinj surface eien, 1 e , not as in A, except in 



the pisp of plints of a gelatinous texture. 

 4 (_ l-i\ 11 1 1 I I ) 1 11 ts more or less erect, standing 



I nt I il tl turn, and covered on all sides 



5 Tl 



either erect or diffused over 

 til I il substratum one side only (m 



the (II of (1 tt I lants usually the under side) 

 covered with the hymenium 



1442. Section of 



sp., spore. 



sterigii 



discussion of the merits of any of these names, but it 

 seems better in the present instance, at least, to use the 

 generic name Agaricus with the limits of Psalliota 

 Fries. 



Other Speciex of the Genus Agaricus. — There are a 

 number of other species of the genus, as thus limited, 

 which, because of their size and esculent qualities, are 

 worthy of mention. 



Agaricus arvensis, the Horse Mushroom, grows in 

 grassy fields and pastures during the autumn. It is a 

 larger plant than the common Mushroom, has a thicker 

 cap, longer stem, and the veil is double, the lower or 

 outer portion splitting radially into a star-shaped fashion 

 and remaining attachnl to iln- inmr portion. Agaricus 

 silvicolus, the wooit-inliatMiin:^^ .'Mushroom, grows in 

 woods. Thewholeplaiil is wliiiisli.lmt tinged moreorless 

 with yellow, the cap is smooili, ami the long stem has an 

 abrupt and broad bulb. The veil is thin, membranaceous, 

 but iu some specimens shows a tendency to be double, 

 as in Agaricus arvensis. Agaricus J^odniani grows 

 along the streets of cities in the hard grouiid between 

 the sidewalk and curbing, and similar 1.1:.. . Ti i- . n- 

 tirely white, the cap thick and firm, till - . .1 i,.l 



with a short, thick, double annulus. -1., 's 



{A. subrufescens , Peck) has a light ndo 1 -li i.i o,» n , :,|,. 

 along stem somewhat enlar-r-d b-low . ami a ling ulmh 

 has soft scales on tin- n' '■ 1 -i'l' 1" -i ph d, much as iu -1. 

 silvicolus, from the . luting of the outer 



layer. The plant has 1 "lor of almonds. It 



grows in greenhouses, li s. un mi s ^rows in compost 

 heaps. It often forms large .-lust, rs ot man \ individuals. 

 It has been successfully cultivai..l. .I<i'ir., us silvati- 

 CKS grows in woods during late si'iim.' ami .-niiimer. It 



Mushroom, but thinm r'. m'l ,11 li nnnierous minute 

 . « liich form a solid 

 I lu'o. the capismore 

 I ilie flat-cap Mush- 



II I 'iii;. enlarged below, 



1! I in the Horse Mush- 



, i ' I inl.il with suspicion 



dtik sides on the sun 

 pati b of dark color at ; 

 or less flat, and it Iki- 

 room (J placomyci x\. 

 and the ring is doul'li 



but with a wide distill 

 by some 



CopRiNTTS.— In the gi 

 species are quite 

 the gills and more 

 into a black fluid. 



Copriuus, 3 of the edible 



The spores are black and 



of the cap dissolve at maturity 



