PILLAE EEINS — CLOG. 11 



completely out of the way. Finally, from tlie form of the roller, 

 and the position of its fixings, the whole will project further 

 from the front of the manger than a mere ring ; and such projec- 

 tion is liable to be in the way of the knees of the animal. This 

 is objectionable for many reasons ; but it admits of being easily 

 obviated. Make a false front to the manger, by fixing with 

 screws a few boards to the real front. The roller will then 

 work in a recess, and be entirely out of the way. Indeed, if it be 

 desirable, the roller may be covered, merely leaving an opening 

 above and below, to allow of the collar shank to pass in and 

 out. The securing of the false front with screws will at any 

 time allow of its being readily removed and replaced. 



!Pillar Beins. — Pillar Eeins are used for the purpose of 

 fixing a horse temporarily in the stalls. It is usual to fix these 

 appendages to the stall-posts ; others, prefer having them fixed 

 to the sides of the stall, midway between the stall-posts and the 

 manger. The best place however, to have them, is at the stall- 

 posts. Horses, when turned round in the stall, cannot kick 

 each other, and they admit of the animals being more readily 

 led out of the stable. Each pillar rein should terminate with 

 a closed spring hook. They secure the head most efiectually,. 

 and they cannot at any time become fixed into the limbs of the 

 animal. These pillar reins should be of chain, formed of small 

 but strong links. They are the most durable, and the least 

 frequently out of repair. 



The Clog. — The Clog is a round ball, usually made of wood 

 or iron, and is used to weight the shank of the head collar The 

 iron clog is preferable : it occupies less room, and is not so liable 

 to split as a wood one. The clog should weigh from two to 

 three pounds ; and if required for a very long shank, it should 

 be at least a pound heavier. The proper length of the head col- 

 lar shank, available for the animal's use, can be determined^ by 



