APPENDAGES TO STABLE. 21 



that they are evenly placed, that the joints are well cemented, 

 and that a sufficient fall be given to allow the urine to run freely 

 away. AVherever the urine passes into the underground drain, 

 let it do so by means of a trap. Traps of the proper kind can be 

 procured from those who supply the joint and socket pipes. 

 Traps have a twofold use : they prevent any back stench which 

 may arise, and they prevent rats from attempting to enter the 

 stable through the urine grates, or where the traps may be 

 fixed. All the openings leading from the surface channels into 

 the underground drain should be covered with suitable grates. 

 The proper place to fix such grates is described at page 13. 



The underground drain should terminate in a tank, if it 

 be desirable to preserve the urine for manure. The loss of 

 manure arising from the want of tanks is incredible. Possibly 

 a time may come when people will look to these matters some- 

 what difi"erently. 



Appendages to Stable. — A Stable to be complete in all 

 essentials, will require the following, viz., Hay Chamber, Com 

 Chamber, Loose Boxes, Saddle and Harness Eooms, Coach 

 House, Porch, AVashing Eoom, Manure Depot, and AYater 

 Tanks. 



Hay Cliamhers. — Hay Chambers have been frequently con- 

 demned, but without due consideration. If properly constructed 

 I cannot see the force of such objections as are generally 

 urged against them. They should be lofty, moderately lighted, 

 and counter-floored. Counter-flooring the chamber is very 

 necessary where a portion of the room is required as a dwelling 

 for those employed within the stable. It prevents noise, and the 

 descent of dirt into the stable beneath. The openings through 

 the floor to admit of the hay being put into the racks, should be 

 provided with covers of wood to exclude the descent of cold 

 draughts in winter, and the ingress and egress of cats. The prin- 



