BEAN FLOUR — LOCUST. 41 



twelve months old, properly dried, and free from grub ravages, 

 otherwise they certainly cannot be fit to give horses. "When 

 beans are efiected wdth the grub, the ravages of the insect may 

 be readily detected. If minutely examined, when whole, it will 

 be seen that they are perforated at the side; the perforation being 

 round and deeply penetrating, as though it had been effected 

 by a very small gimlet, this being simply due to the operation 

 of the grub, which eats its way into the interior, and in many 

 instances destroys the entire vegetable. 



Beans and oats contain similar substances, but united in 

 different proportions. " Beans, (says Liebeg,) are proportionally 

 much richer in bone earth than oats." " The labourers (we are 

 told,) in the mines of South America, whose daily labour — 

 perhaps the most severe in the world, — consists in carrying upon 

 their shoulders a load of earth of from 180 to 200B3S. weight, 

 from a depth of 450 feet, subsist only upon bread and beans. 

 They would prefer to confine themselves to bread, but their 

 masters have found that they cannot work so much on this diet, 

 and they therefore compel them, like horses, to eat beans."* 



Beans when given to horses, should be split or crushed. 

 A mill for the double purpose of crushing beans and oats, can 

 be procured at a very reasonable price, from the eminent 

 makers, Messrs. Eichmond & Chandler, of Salford, Manchester. 

 New beans are decidedly dangerous ; and as to 



Beak Elotje, it is objectionable as a diet for fast-working 

 horses. It is more suitable for cattle. It is a good deal used 

 for draught horses. It requires to be mixed with other kinds 

 of food, such as chopped hay, steamed turnips, and with water. 

 Unless well moistened when given, it is liable to cake within 

 the intestines, and kill the animal. It is much adulterated; and 

 if a large quantity be kept at one time within a narrow space, 



* Darwin's Joiu-nal of Rescarckes, and Liebeg's Chemistry of Agricultiu'e. 



