PLEUEISY. — PLETJEODTXIA. 275 



short and limited ; and the pulse -will generally range from 50 

 to 64 per minute, but on some occasions is not at all disturbed. 

 If the ear be applied to the chest, the murmur can be detected 

 very clearly throughout, particularly in the superior regions of 

 the cavity, — while, if the ear be held close to the lowest part of 

 the inferior region, a sort of rumbling sound is heard ; but this 

 latter sound can only be detected when the skin over the part 

 is more tender than elsewhere, and when it is contracted into 

 folds, and moves to and fro behind the ear. This sound I attri- 

 bute entirely to the tremulous motion which is going on within 

 the sub-textures ; for if the ear be kept firmly to the chest, the 

 motion soon ceases, together with the rumbling sound ; and 

 providing we remain quiet, and the animal be pacified, we can 

 then distinctly hear the clear, natural, respiratory murmur, 

 though somewhat suppressed, from the constrained manner in 

 which the chest itself is expanded. The hair over the entire 

 body is dry and unthrifty in appearance. If the animal be 

 made to walk up hill, the operation is performed cleverly, but 

 great difficulty is experienced in coming down again ; the 

 patient travels as though the feet were acutely inflamed. The 

 appetite is bad in some cases, and moderate in others ; the 

 urine is scanty, and the dung is dry-looking ; the patient does 

 not lie down, and it is seldom, if ever, that he coughs. 



Causes of PLErEiST and Pletjeodtnia. — The causes of 

 Pleurisy are sometimes epidemical, or the disease may arise 

 from exposing the animal to wet and cold, such as riding him 

 into a stream of cold water at the time he is steaming with 

 perspiration, or allowing him to stand in a cold draught. If 

 the disease prevails epidemically, it occurs for the most part 

 during the hot months of the year. 



Pleurodynia arises from similar causes. Toung animals 

 are more subject to it than old ones. 



