456 PRELIMINAET EEMABKS. 



4th. — Injuries from the animal heing cast in tJie Stall or 

 loose Box. — It is seldom that horses are severely injured from 

 being cast in the stall. It appears as though some horses had 

 a fondness for this sort of thing ; they will be found cast so 

 frequently, and in places where it cannot be said to arise from 

 want of room. If after removing the animal into another stall 

 or box, having more room than the one it was taken out of, and 

 the casting is repeated, it may be fairly set down as an item of 

 vice, and perhaps the best mode of cure in such cases, is to try 

 the effect of a whip upon the animal before righting him. I 

 know that this remedy has succeeded in more instances of the 

 kind than one. Injuries from causes numbered 5, 6, 7, 8, and 

 9, are of less frequent occurrence. 



5th. — Injuries from improperly fastening the head of the 

 animal. — Chains and ropes are the common articles by which 

 horses are secured to the manger; and weights of lead, iron, or 

 wood, are also common articles for suspending to the end of 

 the tie.* "Very frequently this is neglected, and the loose end 

 is merely secured by tieing it to the ring at the front of the 

 manger. If a shank so secured be very long, the horse when 

 eating hay from the ground — a common habit with many 

 horses— may easily have one of his limbs become entangled, 

 and before the limb is liberated he may injure himself to a 

 serious extent. The author once attended a case of this nature, 

 where the flexor tendons of the near fore leg were exposed for 

 more than three inches in length. The injury arose from the 

 limb being entangled in a chain. Similar accidents may result 



* To determine the proper length of the tie or the collar shank, ohserve the 

 following rule : — bring the chin of the horse to the edge of the manger, pass the 

 loose end of the tie through the ring at the bottom of the manger, and that part 

 of the loose end which lies upon the ground, if any, is more of the tie than is 

 required. All additional length of tie is dangerous. The clog at the end should 

 be from two to three pounds in weight. 



