150 GEOLOGY, 



Gives a classified list of the beds in which mammalian remains have 

 heen found, from the Subathu (Miocene) upwards, and a list of the 

 Mammalia from each. Of 46 Miocene and Pliocene genera, 25 are 

 extinct, and of the remainder 17 are living in or near India ; 26 genera 

 are common to the Tertiaries of India and of Europe ; 8 are common 

 to the Indian Tertiary fauna and the living fauna of Europe ; while 12 

 of the Indian Tertiary genera are living in Africa ; 14 genera are 

 peculiar to the Indian Tertiaries. These facts are taken to confirm 

 H. F. Blanford's hypothesis of a land-connexion (Indo-oceanic) between 

 India and Africa, the connexion with Europe in Middle Tertiary times 

 being through N. Africa. The author thinks that the latter means of 

 communication was broken before the former. The age of the Siwaliks 

 is discussed, and the conclusion is that it is Pliocene. An appendix 

 contains descriptions of new or little-known Mammalia. A new genus 

 and species are made {Vishnutherium Travadivum, near Oamelojoardus 

 and /Sivatherium) for a part of a mandible from Burma. E. D. 



Lydekker, R. Notes on the Geology of the Pir Panjal and" the 

 neighbouring districts. Eec. Geol. Surv. Ind. vol. ix. pp. 155- 

 162, map and section. 



The Tertiary rocks of the outer ranges end against the older rocks, 

 with a dip towards the mountains. This is not due to the former 

 having been deposited against a cliff, but it is a faulted junction. 

 The older rocks are limestone and shale (Silurian), and on these meta- 

 morphic slates and quartzites (Cambrian) ; in some places an amygda- 

 loidal rock (which seems not to be trappean) occurs with the latter series, 

 and in places a porphyritic gneiss appears. The dipping of the lime- 

 stone and shale beneath the metamorphic rocks is only apparent, being 

 due to inversion. A sketch section through the Panjal range at Banihal 

 is given showing how this might be. Dr. Stoliczka considered rocks in 

 Kashmir similar to the amygdaloid to be metamorphic ; and these are 

 contemporaneous with the great mass of rocks of the Pir Panjal. E. D. 



Mallett, F. R. On the Coal-fields of the Naga Hills bordering the 

 Lakhimpur and Sibsagur Districts, Assam. Mem. Oeol. Surv. Ind. 

 vol. xii. pp. 95 ; 3 maps. 



The lowest beds seen are named the " Disang Group ;" they consist 

 of some thousands of feet of sandstone and shale, without coal. Above 

 them comes the coal-bearing group, of which about 2000 feet is seen in 

 one place ; it consists of shale, sandstone, coal, a few calcareous layers, 

 and some clay ironstone. Detailed sections are given of several hun- 

 dred feet in thickness. The coal is in many beds, chiefly from 6 inches 

 to 3 feet thick; but there are seams even 70 feet thick. The ago is 

 perhaps the same as that of the lignite-bearing nummulitic strata of 

 the Panjab. Next above comes the Tipam group ; estimated thickness 

 7000 to 9000 feet. Thick-bedded felspathic sandstones make the great 

 bulk. Above is the Dihing group, several hundred feet thick, with some 

 " coal-conglomerate " near its base, made up of pebbles of coal with a 



