172 



PHYSICAL GEOLOGY. 

 1. PHENOMENA OF UNDERGROUND ORIGIN. 



Basile, G. I Penomeni Yulcanici presentati dall' Etna dal Set- 

 tembre 1874 a tutto I'anno 1875. [Volcanic Phenomena of Etna 

 from Sep. 1874 to end of 1875.] Atti Ac. G'loen. Sci. Nat. ser. 3, 

 t. X. pp. 289-293. 



Daily record of smoke and tremblings. 



Black, W. J. Eruption of Vesuvius, 1872. Trans. Manch. Geol. 

 Soc. vol. xiii. part xi. pp. 361-371. 



The chief stream of lava flowed from a great north fissure in the 

 cone rising from the Atrio del Cavallo, which was filled, from whence 

 it travelled to the villages of Massa and Sebastiano. A great shower 

 of ashes, scoriae, and stones fell over Naples to a depth of 2 inches, an 

 analysis of which gave insoluble silicates of alkalies and earths, and 

 soluble chlorides of sodium and iron. C. E. D. 



Bou^, A. IJeber die geometrisch-symmetrischen Form der Erdober- 

 flache. [Form of the Earth's Surface.] Sitz. Tc. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 

 rnath.-iiat. 01. Abth. i. Bd. Ixxiii. Heft 2, pp. 105-118. 



Discusses the directions and limits of mountain chains. 



Carret, Dr. Jules. Deplacement de I'axe polaire. [Displacement 



of the Polar Axis.] Bull. Soc. Oeogr. Paris, 6 ser. t. xii. pp. 473- 



491, fig. in text. 



The poles and the equator slowly change their positions. Gives 7 



proofs under the following heads : — Polar land, complex form of the 



globe, the antipodes, secular movements, glacial periods, Arctic fossil 



floras, relationship of the fossil species. G. A. L. 



Carruthers, John. Volcanic Action regarded as due to the Eetar- 



dation of the Earth's Rotation. Trans. N. Zealand Inst. vol. viii. 



pp. 352-369. 



The power which has raised hills and continents is derived from the 



retardation of the earth's rotation, owing to the friction of the tides 



against the bed of the ocean. The greater part of the lost motion 



passes away as heat, and a small part becomes volcanic action. W. W. 



DarbisMre, R. D. Notes on Swedish Shell-beds of Uddevalla. 



Proc. Lit. Phil. Soc. Manch. vol. xv. pp. 135-138. 

 These beds, on heights up to 206 feet above the sea, point to slow 

 elevation. 



