179 



2. SURFACE PHENOMENA. 



Bay ley, G. W. R. Levees as a System of Reclaiming Lowlands. 

 Trans. Amer. Soc. Civ. Eng. vol. v. p. 115. (Abstract in Proc. 

 Jnst. Civ. Encj. vol. xlv. pp. 300-304.) 

 Refers especially to the Mississippi, and describes changes in its 

 channel. 



Bell, R. Glacial Stri». Amer. Journ. ser. 3, vol. xii. p. 218. 



Glacial striae by Lake Winnipeg run S.W., confirming the view that 

 the glacier had its greatest height between that region and the Atlantic 

 coast. F. D. 



Bonney, Rev. T, G. Some Notes on Glaciers. Geol. Mag. dec. ii. 

 vol. iii. pp. 197-199. 



The glaciers of the Alps have been retreating for years. None give 

 evidence of any deposit like Till or Boulder-clay ; the ice itself is freer 

 from included materials than is generally supposed. Ice occasionally 

 flows over and round an obstacle, instead of sweeping it away ; when 

 the slope is small the ice passes over debris ; when the slope is greater 

 the glacier clears its bed. A glacier is an agent of abrasion rather 

 than of erosion, and its power to excavate rock-basins is small. "W. T. 



. The Erosion of Lake-Basins by Glaciers. Geol. Mag. dec. ii. 



vol. iii. pp. 376, 377. Glacial Origin of Lake-Basins. Ibid, 

 pp. 521, 522. 

 Refers to Mr. Fisher's letter (p. 181). There are no lakes in the 

 Alpine valleys above the great lakes. The water beneath the ice in a 

 lake-basin would probably be unfavourable to denudation. Refers to 

 Mr. H. Miller's papers ; admitting that glaciers have some erosive 

 power, and that small tarns may have been thus formed, it does not 

 follow that large lakes have been formed in the same way. W. T. 



Brodie, Rev. J. On the Action of Ice in what is usually termed the 

 Glacial Period. Rep. Brit. Assoc, for 1875, Sections, pp. G3, G4. 



Maintains that the Glacial Period was not one of general contempo- 

 raneous cold in all x)laccs where ice-marks are found. AVhen the 

 climate was cold in one j)lace it was warm in others. F. D. 



Brown, Dr, J. C. Reboisement in France ; or Records of the Re- 

 planting of the Alps, Cevennes, and the Pyrenees with Trees, 

 Herbage, and Bush. 8vo. London. 

 Records the destructive action of floods caused by felling forests, 

 and the lessening of the floods from re-planting the hill-slopes. 



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