180 PHTSICAL GEOLOGY. 



Burns, D. On the Mechanics of Ghiciers. Geol. Mag. dec. ii. vol. iii. 

 pp. 297-303. 



Criticises Dr. Croll's papers, referring to the molecular theory of 

 glacier-motion, crevasses, the denuding power of glaciers, and Mr. 

 Goodchild's views on the origin of coums. J. Gr. G. 



Camphell, J. F. My Circular Notes. Extracts from Geo- 

 logical and other notes, written while travelling westwards round 

 the World, from July 6, 1874, to July 6, 1875. 2 vols. pp. 356, 

 331. 8vo. London. 



In the account of his journey through N. America, Japan, Java, and 

 Ceylon, the author makes frequent references to the geology of the 

 countries traversed by him, especially noticing glacial and volcanic 

 phenomena. Under " The Period of Polar Glaciation " (vol. 2, pp. 213- 

 323), he discusses the question of the former existence of a general 

 glacial period over the whole of the northern hemisphere, and con- 

 cludes that there is no evidence of a former period characterized by a 

 generally prevailing climate colder than that of the present day, and 

 that no valid grounds exist for the belief in an alternatioii of universal 

 hot and cold periods on the earth's surface. He regards the altera- 

 tions in the circulation of air and water, which must have been 

 produced by movements of the earth's solid crust, as sufficient to 

 account for all the changes of climate which have taken place. He 

 gives a number of facts in support of his conclusion that the " Glacial 

 Epoch " did not extend beyond the W. parts of Europe and the E. half 

 of the N. American colitinent. J. W. J. 



C[amp'bell], J. [F.]. Firths, Dales, and Lakes, Valleys and Canons. 

 Nature, vol. xiii. p. 230, 231. 



Hollows in the earth's surface may be known as watet-work, or 

 ice-work, by their shape. Firths, dales, and lakes mark local glacial 

 periods ; canons the districts of climates that have not been glacial 

 since the streams began to flow. C. E. D. 



CroU, Dr. J. Eemarks on Mr. Burns's Paper on the Mechanics of 



Glaciers. Geol. Mag. dec. ii. vol. iii. pp. 361-364. 

 Eeprints part of Chap. xxxi. of ' Climate and Time,' and points out 

 that Mr. Eurns (see above) has misunderstood his views. 



Czerny, Dr. Franz. Die Wirkungen der Winde auf die Gestalfung 



der Erde. [Action of the Winds on the Form of the Earth.] 



Mitth. geogr. Anst. Ed. xxii. No. 48, pp. 53, with map of winds. 



, Abstract in Nature, vol, xiii. pp. 239, 240. 



Part 1 contains a review of the course of the winds over the earth's 



surface. Part 2 treats of their action on the solid land, whether 



directly or through the medium of the waters of the ocean. Under 



the former head, the movement of sand, of volcanic dust, &c. is spoken 



of, special mention being made of the loess of China, which Eichthofen 



attributes to winds. Under ihe latter come both ordinary marine 



