306 PALEONTOLOGY. 



Heer, Prof. Oswald. Uebor fossile Friichte dcr Oase Chargeh. 

 [Fossil Fruits from the Chargeh Oasis.] Denlcschr. schweiz. Nat. 

 Oes. vol. xxvii. 

 These fossils are named IHospyros Schweinfurthii and Hoyena deser- 

 torum, and referred to the U. Cretaceous. 



Hull, Prof. E. Observations on the Discovery, by Count Abbot 

 Castracane, of Diatom acese in Coal from Lancashire and other 

 places. Bep. Brit. Assoc, for 1875, Sections, p. 74. See Castra- 

 cane, in the Geological Eecokd for 1874, p. 331, and for 1875, 

 p. 335; and Geol. Mag. 1875, pp. 414-419. 



Johnson, M. Hawkins. On Silicified Structure in Pyritized Wood. 

 Journ. QueJc. Gliih, vol. iv. pp. 159, 160. 



By treating sections of pyritized wood from the London Clay with 

 strong nitric acid the woody structure was made visible. Thin slices 

 of silicified wood may be stained with acetate of rosaniline, the cell- 

 walls being the part which take the stain. Flints, stained in the 

 same way, show the structure of the organism coloured. E. T. i^. 



Lesquereux, [Prof.] L. A review of the Fossil Flora of North 

 America. Bull. U. S. Geol. 8urv. Terr. ser. 2, no. 5, pp. 233- 

 248. 

 The graphite in the primitive rocks is probably due to diatoms and 

 desmids. Fucoids appear in the L. Silurian, and land plants in the 

 Mid. Silurian (Cincinnati group). Lycopodiacese come in at the base of 

 the Devonian and Araiwarice in the Chemung period. Ferns (Neuro- 

 pteridae) range upwards from the Devonian into the Subcarboniferous. 

 Of Lycopodiacese, Lejndodendron, the most ancient, disappears first ; 

 Sigillaria is newer and lasts longer, occurring in the L. Permian in 

 Europe ; Calamites ranges from U. Devonian to Permian. No Triassic 

 flora is known in N. America, the Richmond coal being L. Jurassic or 

 Rhactic. Its flora consists of cycads and conifers, with ferns and Equi- 

 seta. Jurassic plants are unknown in N. America. The L. Cretaceous 

 beds (Dakota group) abound in dicotyledonous plants ; cycads, ferns, and 

 conifers being scantily represented. The L. Lignitic flora has no 

 species identical with, and few related to, any Cretaceous species. It 

 is marked by palms and southern plants, as fig, myrtle, and magnolia. 

 The Evanston (TJ. Eocene or L. Miocene) is intermediate in its flora to 

 the L. Lignitic or Eocene and the U. Lignitic or Carbon group (Mid. 

 Miocene). The last contains a few L. Lignitic species, many of those of 

 the European and Arctic Miocene, and several hardly separable from 

 their recent descendants. The Green Piver group or XJ. Miocene is 

 still nearer in its flora to the present, and is of colder climate than the 

 foregoing. The Pliocene, Glacial, and Terrace deposits are not yet 

 well known ; their flora approximates more and more to the present. 

 The American flora at rach epoch seems to have been slightly in advance 

 of the European. W. H. D. 



