PATHOGENIC BACTERIA. 405 



for although it was obtained from a case of relapsing fever, they 

 have grounds for the belief that the organism causing the disease 

 in America differs from that found in the eastern disease. The 

 method employed consists in the use of collodion sacs filled 

 with rats' blood. These sacs are inoculated with a small 

 amount of blood containing the spirillum, and are then placed 

 in the peritoneal cavity of white rats. 



Spirochaeta Pallida. First observed by Schaudinn and 

 Hoffmann* in recent as well as more advanced syphilitic 

 lesions, on the surface and deep in the tissues in chancres, 

 indolent buboes and papules. These observations have been 

 abundantly corroborated, but for diagnostic purposes they can 

 scarcely yet be employed with certainty on account of the 

 difficulty of recognizing the spirochaeta in exposed lesions such 

 as mucous patches. 



Flexner| finds that silver impregnation often brings out 

 many more spirals than the anilin dyes. He furthermore 

 finds that unexplained factors affect the stain with anilin dyes, 

 and that the best results are to be obtained with Stern'sJ 

 method of staining with silver. 



It is asserted that the spirillum is transferred by bed-bugs 

 from one person to another. 



Grouven|| succeeded in producing a disease with lesions 

 characteristic of syphilis in a rabbit by intraocular inoculation. 

 S. pallida was demonstrated in some of the lesions in the 

 rabbit. 



Levaditi and Mclntosh *[[ ' claims to have cultivated an or- 

 ganism identical with S. pallida. in all respects, except that it was 



*Schaudinn and Hoffmann. Vorlaufiger Bericht iiber das Vorkommen 

 von Spirochaeten in syphililischen Krankheitsprodukten und bei Papillomen 

 Arbeiten aus dem Kaiserhschen Gesundheitsamt. Bd. XXII., p. 527, 1905. 



\Journ. Exper. Medicine. Vol. IX. 1907. pp. 464-472. 



\Berl. klfn. Wochenschr. XLIV. 1907. p. 400. 



Karlinski. Centralblatt }iir Bakteriologle. Bd. XXXI. Original. 1901 



\\Deutsche Med. Wochenschr. Nov. 21, 1907. 



\Ann. de I'Inst. Past. Vol. XXI., No. 10. Oct. 25, 1907. p. 784. 



