PATHOGENIC PROTOZOA. 423 



cornea. W. Reed* found small ameboid bodies in the blood 

 in cases of small-pox and vaccinia. Vaccine virus that has 

 been filtered through the Chamberland or Berkefeld filter is 

 still active, but somewhat diminished in power, t From this 

 it may be presumed that the organism causing it is not too 

 small to be seen with the microscope. 



Councilman, Magrath and Brinkerhoff,J as a result of 

 recent studies, believe that the bodies above mentioned are 

 protozoa. Segmentation of the bodies is described, resulting 

 in the formation of spore-like bodies. The spore-like bodies 

 undergo a further or second cycle of development within the 

 nucleus. The second cycle also ends in segmentation. The 

 two cycles were seen in small-pox; in vaccinia, only the first 

 or extranuclear bodies were observed. 



Guarnieri was the first to describe these bodies with 

 accuracy, and give to them the name cytoryctes variola. He 

 found them by staining with carmine, hematoxylin, and saf- 

 ranin in the deeper layers of the epithelium in cases of vaccinia 

 and small-pox. Much opposition to Guarnieri's inter- 

 pretation of this observation was aroused, but on the other 

 hand, in the epicrisis to a series of articles on small-pox and 

 vaccinia by himself, Magrath, Brinkerhoff, Tyzzer, Southard, 

 Thompson, Bancroft, and Calkins. || Councilman strongly 

 supports the view that the Guarnieri bodies are living organ- 

 isms and the cause of the diseases. He believes both small- 

 pox and vaccinia to be caused by the same parasite, and that 

 while certain form of cell degeneration may closely simulate 

 Guarnieri bodies that they are not identical with these. 



^Journal Experimental Medicine. Vol. II. p. 515. See also Anna Williams 

 and Flournoy, and W. H. Park. New York University Bulletin Medical 

 Sciences. Vol. II. October, 1902. 



fNegri. Zeitschr. f. Hygiene. Vol. LIV., No. 3. Oct. 26, 1906. p. 32?- 

 Also see Bull, de I'Inst. Past. Vol. V., No. i. Jan. 15, 1907-. P- 23- 



t Journal Medical Research. Vol. IX. May, 1903- Jtnd. Vol. *A- 



\Arch. per le Sci. Med. XXVI. p. 403; CentralUt. f. Bakteno. XVI. p. 

 299. 



\\Journ. Med. Research. Vol. II., No. i. pp. 7~3 61 - 



