COMBINED HAND LEVEL AND CLINOMETER 93 



For these uses a light and cheap form of the level, some- 

 times called the architect's level, costing about half as 

 much as one adapted to railway work, is commonly 

 sufficient. 



SECTION III 

 COMBINED HAND LEVEL AND CLINOMETER 



A pocket instrument capable of a great variety of uses 

 is shown in the accompanying figure. The eye is placed 

 at a peep hole at the right end (a) of the main tube. 

 The cross-wire is over (6) in the figure, and beside it, 

 occupying half the orifice of the tube, is a mirror set at 



an angle of 45. Directly over the wire and mirror is a 

 spirit tube (c), shown inclined in the figure. It is fixed to 

 the milled wheel (d) which turns it, and the graduated 

 arm (e), which serves to set the bubble parallel to the 

 line of sight of the instrument, or to read the angle of 

 inclination between them. When the bubble is in the 

 center of the tube, the mirror below reflects it side by 

 side with the cross-wire back through the peep hole. 



This instrument is largely used by northwestern lum- 

 bermen in laying out roads, locating dams, etc., and it 

 ought to be in the outfit of every woodsman. To use it 

 as a hand level the zeros of the graduated arm and the 

 scale must first be set together. The observer then sights 

 an object through the tube, which he brings to a level 

 by the bubble reflected in the mirror. He may then place 

 himself on a level with the object by sighting at it directly, 



