METHODS OF MAP MAKING 125 



over the topographic sheet, and the two seen in relation. 

 Not only the amount of timber is thus exhibited, but the 

 steepness of the ground it stands on, and the distance it 

 must be hauled. It will appear, too, whether a valley 

 has been cut clean to a divide. On this timber sheet, cut- 

 tings and other operations of succeeding years may be 

 plotted. If it gets too complicated, it may be thrown away 

 and a new one substituted. 



A sample map of this kind is reproduced on reduced 

 scale herewith. These maps may also be supplemented 

 by topographic models. Contour maps are "not read easily 

 by every person, as, for instance, by some lumbermen, 

 but a model of the land, as it lies out of doors, is imme- 

 diately grasped by all. With the aid of a blue print of 

 the map which may be cut up and used as a pattern a 

 model is cheaply built out of cardboard or veneer. With 

 such a model at hand, a contract may be let or plans 

 of work talked over in the office with the same clearness 

 as to major features as if men stood on the ground. 



Following is a topographic map of a section of land as 

 derived from traverse of the boundaries, a road, and two 

 trips across it. After that come notes of the road traverse 

 and of one of the trips across it. For notes of survey of 

 south line see page 29. On the map observed elevations 

 are written in. ' Contours as seen are solid; contours in- 

 ferred are broken. 



Principles of Cruising. A plan of cruising designed 

 to secure topographical and timber data every man will 

 think out for himself and a new one for each tract under- 

 taken. The following, however, are believed to be sound 

 principles for guidance in this class of work. 



1. Main streams, roads, lakes, etc., should of course be 

 traversed, and they may be important enough to demand 

 some other method of survey than compass and pacing. 

 One should be very careful, too, about waste lands, burns, 

 and the boundaries of heavy bodies of timber. 



2. It is generally advisable to explore the country one 

 section at a time, for in that way one comes out with the 

 clearest ideas upon it. 



3. Cross country travel which locates brooks and ridge 



