PRACTICE OF TIMBER ESTIMATING 185 



in Massachusetts, having considerable value and a varied 

 stand of timber, will illustrate the different methods of 

 timber estimation and the way of going to work in a par- 

 ticular case. This tract was mapped topographically. The 

 methods employed for that purpose are described in Part 

 II and a complete map of the tract is given on page 114. 

 The steps contributing to the timber estimate are as follows : 



a. Boundaries run out to get area; chainage marks left 

 at frequent intervals. 



b. Some 65 M feet of heavy and valuable pine timber cal- 

 ipered tree by tree; numerous heights measured; con- 

 tents ascertained from volume table. 



c. Three bodies of thick young pine circled by staff 

 compass and pacing to get area. Average stand of each 

 bunch ascertained by laying out quarter-acre sample plots 

 representing 10 to 20 per cent of the area. Trees on these 

 plots calipered; heights measured or estimated; contents 

 taken from volume tables. 



d. Ten acres of hard-wood swamp in north end esti- 

 mated for cord wood by similar but quicker methods. 



e. Balance of 60 acres of ground is covered with scatter- 

 ing pine and hemlock, chestnut fit either for box boards 

 or railway ties, poplar, red oak, and other hard woods. 

 Northerly 37 acres considerably better than the other 23. 

 Ran strip surveys across the two parts representing 10 per 

 cent of the area, running the strips across the ridges 

 and the belts of timber. Calipered the trees into classes 

 of pine, hemlock, chestnut, poplar, hard woods fit to saw, 

 and cord wood; estimated saw contents from tables, such 

 as were at hand, adjusted to the locality and practice, 

 with due reference to heights; estimated cord wood from 

 tables, experience, and judgment. 



The field work involved in steps b, c, d, and e represented 

 one day's work for four men. Result was the following : 



ESTIMATE OF CLARK BROS'. PARKER LOT, WOODSTOCK, 



MASS. 



White Pine (including 50 M good plank) 660 M 



Hemlock 35 " 



Chestnut 156 " 



Poplar 63 " 



Red oak, etc. 67 " 



Total saw timber 981 " 

 Also hard-wood fire wood, 600 cords. 



