PROPAGATION 45 



the end of the cane to turn up perpendicularly out of the soil. 

 This free end becomes the new plant and by the following fall 

 or spring may be separated from its parent. Not infrequently 

 the young plant bears fruit the second season on its own roots. 

 This method is of especial value in small plantations, whereby 

 the trouble of ordering one or two plants is avoided and the 

 advantage of early fruiting is obtained. 



GRAFTING 



Since grafting grapes is intimately connected with stocks, 

 the growing of which is a modern practice, grafting is thought 

 of as a new process in growing this fruit. Quite to the contrary, 

 it is an old practice. Cato, the sturdy old Roman grape-grower 

 who lived nearly two hundred years before Christ, speaks of 

 grafting grapes, although Theophrastus, the Greek philosopher, 

 wrote a hundred years before " the vine cannot be grafted upon 

 itself." However, until it became necessary to grow Vinifera 

 grapes on resistant stocks to avoid the ravages of phylloxera, 

 grafting the grape was not at all common among vineyardists 

 and is not now except where vines susceptible to phylloxera 

 must be grown in consort with roots resistant to this insect, or 

 to modify the vigor of the top by a stock more vigorous or less 

 vigorous. For these two purposes, grafting is now in some 

 grape regions one of the most important vineyard operations. 



In grafting the grape, there is a time and a way, not so par- 

 ticular as many believe, but rather more particular than in 

 grafting most other fruits. If the essentials of grafting are 

 kept in mind, one has considerable choice of details. Graft- 

 ing consists in detaching and inserting one or several buds of a 

 mother plant on another plant of the same or a similar kind ; 

 the bud stock is the cion, the rooted plant is the stock. The 

 essentials may be set forth in three statements: First, the 

 prime essential is that the cambium layers, the healing tissue 



