46 MANUAL OF AMERICAN GRAPE-GROWING 



lying between the bark and wood, meet in the cion and stock ; 

 second, that method of grafting is best in which the cut tissues 

 heal most rapidly and most completely; third, the greater 

 the amount of cambium contact, as compared with the whole 

 cut surface, the more rapidly and completely the wounds will 

 heal. Out of a great many, the following are a few of the 

 simplest methods in use in grafting the grape, any one of which 

 may be modified more or less as occasion calls. 



Vineyard grafting in eastern America. 



In eastern America, the growing vine is usually grafted. 

 At the New York Agricultural Experiment Station, the opera- 

 tion is very successfully performed on old vines as follows: 

 Preparatory to grafting, the earth is removed from around the 



stock to a depth of two or 

 three inches. The vines are 

 then decapitated at the sur- 

 face of the ground and at 

 right angles with the axis 

 of tne stock - If the grain 

 is straight, the cleft can be 



FIG. 8. Cutting off the trunk. made b y Splitting with a 



chisel, but more often it will 



have to be done with a thin-bladed saw through the center of 

 the stock for at least two inches. The cion is cut with two 

 buds, the wedge being started at the lower bud. The cleft 

 in the stock is then opened, and the cion inserted so that the 

 cambium of stock and cion are in intimate contact. If the 

 stock is large, two cions are used. The several operations in 

 grafting are shown in Figs. 8, 9, 10 and 11. Graf ting wax is 

 unnecessary, in fact is often worse than useless, and if the 

 stock is large the graft is not even tied. Raffia is used to tie 

 the graft in young vines. It suffices to mound the graft to 

 the top of the cion with earth, for the purposes of protec- 



