72 MANUAL OF AMERICAN GRAPE-GROWING 



to all of these troubles, and if hybrids could be obtained to 

 produce directly, without grafting, grapes with the good qualities 

 of the Viniferas in short, European grapes on American 

 vines the cultivated grape flora of the whole world might 

 be changed. So far, a "direct producer" that is wholly satis- 

 factory in either Europe or California has not been found for 

 the wine or raisin industries, although a number of varieties 

 are rated as very good table grapes, and a few are used in wine- 

 making. The best of the direct producers are Lenoir, Taylor, 

 Noah, Norton's Virginia, Autuchon, Othello, Catawba, and 

 Delaware. 



