128 MANUAL OF AMERICAN GRAPE-GROWING 



arm is retained, it is pruned in the same way. Spurs may be 

 obtained from canes that have arisen from dormant buds on 

 the arm, or by spurring in the basal canes of the fruiting wood 

 of the year previous. A combination of both methods of re- 

 newal will in the long run work out the better, as the repeated 

 spurring in of the basal canes will result in greatly lengthened 

 spurs that will require frequent cutting out. While the canes 

 that arise directly from dormant buds on wood two years and 

 over are not necessarily the best fruiting ones, they can, how- 

 ever, be utilized for renewal purposes. 



" The ideal vine pruned to this system now consists of a stem 

 reaching from sixteen or eighteen inches above the ground 

 level or a few inches below the level of the lower wire. 

 Such a vine is shown in Figure 16. From the head two 

 arms arise, one extending to the right, the other to the left 

 and tied along the lower wire, each arm not extending for 

 more than two feet and a half to either side of the head. 

 From the arms two canes on each are tied vertically or 

 obliquely to the top wire. In addition there are left two or 

 three spurs, growing from the upper side of each arm, located 

 at well-spaced intervals starting close to the head ; these may 

 be used for the renewal of the arms. The shoots are not tied. 



"One of the chief faults of the Chautauqua Arm method is 

 the tendency of the best matured, and most desirable canes 

 to develop at or near the upper wire, while those lower down 

 are often too short, or so poorly matured as to be unfitted for 

 fruiting purposes. When the wood, bearing the well-developed 

 upper canes, is brought down for arms, a considerable interval 

 of the arm from the head to the point where the canes arise is 

 without fruiting wood. Under such conditions the growth will 

 be again thrown to the extremities. If spurring on the arms 

 has been practiced, this undesirable condition is eliminated. 

 With either type of renewal, spurring should be practiced. 

 The fruit from vines trained by this method reaches its highest 



