140 MANUAL OF AMERICAN GRAPE-GROWING 



those not clipped the first time, will need clipping back this 

 time, the end buds on the first clipped having pushed vigorously. 



"At a second year's pruning and others following, the old 

 arms with all the bearing shoots on them are cut off down to 

 the new arms and the new arms cut back to lengths they can 

 fill with fruit and well mature. In this, critical judgment and 

 knowledge of capabilities of different varieties are more re- 

 quired in the pruner than in any other of the training work. 

 Some varieties, such as the Delaware, cannot carry more than 

 three to four arms, two feet long, while Herbemont can more 

 easily carry four arms each eight feet long, hence such as 

 Delaware should be planted eight feet or less apart, while 

 Herbemont and most of the Post-Oak grape hybrids, should 

 be twelve to sixteen feet apart. In other words, each variety 

 should be set that distance apart that it will fill the trellis 

 with fruit from end to end, and mature it well, so as to better 

 economize space. . 



" By the third year, the vine should come to full bearing, and 

 be pruned with four bearing arms, two to go each way along 

 the lower wire of trellis, gently coiling around the wire, one arm 

 in one direction, the other in opposite direction, and should 

 be in about equal lengths, so that one firm tie with jute yarn, 

 near the ends, will be all the tying the vines will need that 

 is, two ties to each vine the least required by any trellis 

 system, and the pruning is also simplest and the results every 

 way the best. 



"Some of the advantages of this trellis are its cheapness, 

 its simplicity, bringing the work up breast-high so that prun- 

 ing, tying, harvesting, spraying, can be done in an erect posi- 

 tion, saving back strain ; perfect distribution of light, heat 

 and air to foliage and fruit ; shielding from sunscald and birds ; 

 giving free ventilation and easy passage of wind through the 

 vineyard without blowing down the trellis or tender shoots 

 from the vines, and allowing ready passage from row to row, 



