TRAINING GRAPES IN EASTERN AMERICA 141 



without going around, thus getting larger and better crops 

 at less expense and increasing length of life of vineyard and the 

 pleasure of taking care of it." 



This method does not seem to be adapted to the needs of 

 grapes in northern vineyards, and in the South such weak- 

 growing sorts as Delaware do not thrive when so trained. 

 Several "modified Munson methods" are in use in the southern 

 states, but those most commonly employed do not depart 

 greatly from the method here described. 



///. Shoots horizontal 

 Hudson horizontal. 



There is now in use but one method of training shoots hori- 

 zontally. In this method the trellis is made by setting posts 

 eight or ten feet apart and connecting them by two slats, 

 one at the top of the posts, the other about eighteen inches 

 from the ground. Strands of wire are stretched perpen- 

 dicularly between the slats at ten- or twelve-inch intervals. 

 One cane is trained from a trunk from one to two feet high on 

 the trellis; it rises perpendicularly from the ground and is 

 tied to the top slat. The shoots push out right and left and 

 are tied horizontally to each wire as they reach it. The cane 

 is usually allowed to bear about six shoots on each side. The 

 grapes set at the base of the shoots so that the bunches hang 

 one over the other, making a pretty sight. This method is 

 too expensive for a commercial vineyard but is often used in 

 gardens and for ornamental plantings. Only weak-growing 

 sorts, as Delaware, lona or Diana are adapted for this method. 

 Delaware does remarkably well under horizontal training. 

 The use of slats and wires in horizontal training are often 

 reversed. The alternative from the method just described 

 is to set posts sixteen or eighteen feet apart upon which are 

 strung two w T ires as for the ordinary trellis. Perpendicular 



