TRAINING GRAPES IN EASTERN AMERICA 145 



is better adapted for grazing hogs, sheep, or cattle on cover 

 crops grown in the vineyard. On the other hand, the careful 

 vineyardist can expect the best and earliest results from vines 

 on the upright or vertical supports. The upright trellis facili- 

 tates pruning, harvesting, spraying, and intercropping through- 

 out the life of the vineyard; it is also easier to repair and 



FIG. 22. A Rotundifolia vine trained by the 6-arm renewal method. 



can be erected from $10 to $20 an acre cheaper than the over- 

 head trellis. The use of both the upright system and the over- 

 head trellis has netted the growers profitable returns. Each 

 has its advantages and disadvantages. The prospective 

 grower, knowing his own conditions, must determine which 

 training system is best suited to his conditions. 



" During the first year after planting, a strong stake reach- 

 ing 4 feet above the ground at each vine is sufficient support. 



