154 MANUAL OF AMERICAN GRAPE-GROWING 



growing varieties, especially when growing in rich soil and when 

 planted far apart. 



Figure 23 C has the same form of body as A and B, except 

 that the arms are somewhat less numerous. The unit of prun- 

 ing is a short fruit cane of four to five internodes, accompanied 

 by a renewal spur of one internode. It is suited for vigorous 

 table grapes, which do not bear well on short spurs. It is used 

 especially for the Cornichon and Malaga in rich soil. This is 

 a difficult system to keep in good shape owing to the tendency 



ABC 



FIG. 23. Forms of head pruning : A, spur pruning with high trunk; B, 

 spur pruning with medium trunk ; C, half-long with medium trunk. 



for all the vigor to go to the growth on the ends of the fruit 

 canes. It is difficult to obtain vigorous canes on the renewal 

 spurs. Occasional short pruning is usually necessary to keep 

 the vines in proper shape. 



Figure 24 A is similar to 23 C in form, but the number of arms 

 is still further reduced to 2, 3, or at most 4. The unit of prun- 

 ing is a fruit cane of 2i to 3i feet with its renewal spur. Ow- 

 ing to the length of the fruit canes they require support and 

 are tied to a high stake. 



This method is used in a large number of vineyards with 

 Sultanina, Sultana and certain wine grapes, especially Semillon 

 and Cabernet. It is not to be recommended in any case, as it 

 has several very serious defects. 



