172 MANUAL OF AMERICAN GRAPE-GROWING 



will supply fruit wood for the following year. The result is a 



very well-shaped vine with six almost perfectly balanced spurs. 



These spurs will develop into permanent arms, some of them 



furnishing finally two or three. 



Figure 32 shows a high-headed vine of the same age. It has 



five spurs, of which four are fruit spurs and one a spur of sterile 

 wood left to shape the vine. The two more 

 or less horizontal spurs on the right will bear 

 fruit the following autumn and will be re- 

 moved entirely at the following winter prun- 

 ing, as they are badly placed. The arms of 

 the vine will then be developed from the 

 three upright spurs, which are excellently 

 placed. 



Each year thereafter the same process must 

 be followed. First, enough fruit spurs, as 

 well placed as possible, must be left to pro- 



FIG. 32. Four- , * c j 



year-old vine pruned duce the crop, becond, on most vines sup- 

 for high vase-formed plementary spurs of sterile wood must be left 

 to supply more arms where they are needed, 

 and finally, when the full complement of arms has developed, 

 to supply new arms to replace those which have become too 

 long or are otherwise defective. 



Fan-shaped vines. 



With headed vines, the treatment up to the third winter is 

 the same except for the variations in the height of the head. 

 At the third winter pruning, however, the formation of the head 

 commences, and the pruner determines whether it shall be 

 vase-formed or fan-shaped. The production of a vase-formed 

 head has already been described. 



At the third winter pruning, the vine should be pruned to 

 two spurs, as shown in Fig. 30 B. More vigorous vines should 

 not be given more spurs, as in Figs. 29 and 30 A, but the spurs 



