324 MANUAL OF AMERICAN GRAPE-GROWING 



said to be especially abundant along upland ravines. Ca.idi- 

 cans grows well on limestone lands, enduring as much as 60 per 

 cent of carbonate of lime in the soil. The species blooms shortly 

 before Labrusca and a week later than Vulpina. It requires 

 the long hot summers of its native country and will stand ex- 

 treme drouth but is not hardy to cold, 10 or 15 degrees below 

 zero killing the vine outright unless protected ; and a lesser 

 degree of cold injuring it severely. The berries, which are 

 large for wild vines, have thin skins under which there is a pig- 

 ment which gives them, when first ripe, a fiery, pungent taste 

 but which partly disappears with maturity* The berries are 

 very persistent, clinging to the pedicel long after ripe. Candi- 

 cans is difficult to propagate from cuttings. Its roots resist 

 phylloxera fairly well. It makes a good stock for Vinifera vines 

 in its native country, but owing to the difficulty of propagation 

 is seldom used for that purpose. In the early days of Texas, 

 it was much used for the making of wine but as it is deficient 

 in sugar, and as the must retains the acrid, pungent flavor, it 

 does not seem to be well adapted for this purpose. It is not 

 regarded as having great promise for southern horticulture 

 and certainly has none for the North. 



10. Vitis Labrusca, Linn. Fox-Grape. 



Vine vigorous, stocky, climbing ; shoots cylindrical, densely pubes- 

 cent ; diaphragms medium to thick ; tendrils continuous, strong, 

 bifid or trifid. Leaves with long, cordate stipules ; leaf-blade large, 

 thick, broadly cordate or round ; entire or three-lobed, frequently 

 notched ; sinuses rounded ; petiolar sinus variable in depth and width, 

 V-shaped ; margin with shallow, acute-pointed, scalloped teeth ; upper 

 surface rugose, dark green, on young leaves pubescent, becoming 

 glabrous when mature ; lower surface covered with dense pubescence, 

 more or less whitish on young leaves, becoming dun-colored when 

 mature. Clusters more or less compound, usually shouldered, com- 

 pact ; pedicels thick ; peduncle short. Berries round ; skin thick, 

 covered with bloom, with strong musky or foxy aroma. Seeds two 

 to four, large, distinctly notched, beak short ; chalaza oval in shape 

 indistinct, showing as a depression ; raphe, a groove. 



