VARIETIES OF GRAPES 395 



place for itself in far northern localities. Moreover, the grapes 

 ripen early, being about the first to color although they are not 

 ripe until some time after coloring. The vine also is healthy, 

 vigorous and productive. The fruit, however, is worthless 

 when better sorts can be grown. The clusters ancj berries are 

 small, the grapes are pulpy, tough, seedy, have a thick skin and 

 a disagreeable acid taste. Janesville was grown by F. W. 

 London, Janesville, Wisconsin, from chance seed planted in 1858. 



Vine vigorous, hardy, healthy, productive. Canes spiny, numerous, 

 dark brown ; nodes flattened ; internodes long ; tendrils intermittent 

 or continuous, long, bifid or trifid. Leaves small, thin ; upper sur- 

 face glossy, smooth ; lower surface pale green, lightly pubescent ; leaf 

 usually not lobed with terminus acute ; petiolar sinus narrow, often 

 closed and overlapping ; basal and lateral sinuses lacking ; teeth shal- 

 low. Flowers self-fertile, open very early ; stamens upright. 



Fruit early, keeps well. Clusters small, short, cylindrical, usually 

 single-shouldered, compact ; pedicel short, slender, covered with small, 

 scattering warts ; brush dark wine color. Berries round, dull black 

 with heavy bloom, persistent, firm ; skin thick, tough, adherent with 

 dark wine-colored pigment, astringent ; flesh pale reddish-green, 

 translucent, juicy, tough, coarse, vinous, acid ; fair in quality. Seeds 

 adherent, one to six, large, broad, angular, blunt, dark brown. 



JEFFERSON 

 (Labrusca, Vinifera) 



Jefferson (Plate XXI) is an offspring of Concord crossed with 

 lona, and resembles Concord in vigor, productiveness and 

 healthiness of vine, and lona in color and quality of fruit. The 

 vine produces its fruit two weeks later than Concord and is not as 

 hardy, faults that debar it from taking high rank as a commer- 

 cial grape. Fortunately the vines yield rgadily to laying down 

 for winter protection so that even in commercial plantations it is 

 not difficult to prevent winter injury. The bunches of Jefferson 

 are large, well-formed, compact with berries of uniform size and 

 color. The flesh is firm yet tender, juicy with a rich, vinous 

 flavor and a delicate aroma which persists even after the ber- 



