VARIETIES OF GRAPES 419 



be relied on without winter protection where the thermometer 

 falls below zero. Niagara has much of the foxiness of the 

 wild Labrusca, distasteful to many palates. Both bunches 

 and berries of Niagara are larger than those of Concord and 

 are better formed, making a handsomer fruit if the colors are 

 liked equally well. The fruit shells as badly as that of Con- 

 cord and does not keep longer. Both vine and fruit of Niagara 

 are more susceptible to fungal diseases than those of Concord, 

 especially to black-rot, which proves a veritable scourge with 

 this variety in unfavorable seasons. Niagara was produced 

 by C. L. Hoag and B. W. Clark, Lockport, New York, from 

 seed of Concord fertilized by Cassady planted in 1868. 



Vine vigorous, lacking in hardiness, very productive. Canes long, 

 thick, reddish-brown deepening in color at the nodes which are enlarged 

 and slightly flattened ; internodes long, thick ; tendrils continuous, 

 long, bifid or trifid. Leaves large, thick ; upper surface glossy, dark 

 green, smooth ; lower surface pale green, pubescent ; lobes three to 

 five with terminus acute; petiolar sinus of medium depth and width; 

 basal sinus shallow, wide, often toothed ; lateral sinus wide, frequently 

 toothed ; teeth shallow, variable in width. Flowers self -fertile, open 

 in mid-season ; stamens upright. 



Fruit mid-season, keeps well. Clusters large, long, broad, tapering, 

 frequently single-shouldered, compact; pedicel thick with a few, 

 small, inconspicuous warts ; brush pale green, long. Berries large, 

 oval, pale yellowish-green with thin bloom, persistent, firm ; skin thin, 

 tender, adherent, astringent; flesh light green, translucent, juicy, 

 fine-grained, tender, foxy; good. Seeds free, one to six, deeply 

 notched, brown. 



NOAH 

 (Vulpina, Labrusca) 



Noah is little grown at present outside of Missouri, where 

 it is still planted somewhat. Noah and Elvira are often con- 

 fused but there are very marked differences. The clusters of 

 Elvira are smaller, the berries are more foxy in taste, and the 

 skins are more tender and crack more readily than do those of 

 Noah. The large, dark, glossy green leaves make the vines of 



