APPENDIX. 341 



four spores found in a mother-cell, 3 3'5 p, in diam. It is 

 widely distributed, and is the principal agent in accidental 

 fermentation. 



Sacch. conglomeratus. Cells round, united in 

 clusters, consisting of numerous cells produced by budding 

 from one or a few mother-cells. There are 2 to 4 spores 

 in each mother-cell. They occur on rotting grapes and 

 in wine at the commencement of fermentation. 



Sacch. exigUUS. Conical or top-shaped cells, 5 p, 

 long, and reaching 2' 5 p. in thickness, in slightly branching 

 colonies. Spore-forming cells are isolated, each contain- 

 ing 2 or 3 spores in a row. Present in the after-fermenta- 

 tion- of beer. 



Sacch. pastorianus. Cells oval or club-shaped. 

 Colonies consist of primary club-shaped links, 1 8 

 22 yu, long, which build lateral, secondary round or oval 

 daughter-cells, 5 6 p, long. Spores 2 to 4. In the after- 

 fermentation of wine, fruit-wines, or fermenting beer. 



Sacch. apiculatus. Cells lemon-shaped, both 

 ends bluntly pointed, 6 8 p, long, 2 3 p, wide. 

 Budding occurs only at the pointed ends. Rarely united 

 in colonies. Spores unknown. They occur with other 

 yeasts in various accidental fermentations. 



Sacch. sphaericus. Cells varying in form ; the 

 basal ones of a colony oblong or cylindrical, 10 15 p, 

 long, 5 p, thick; the others round, 5 6 p, in diam. 

 United in ramified families. Spores unknown. 



Sacch. mycoderina (Mycodenna cerevisia et vini). 

 Cells oval, elliptical, or cylindrical, 6 7 p, long, 2 3 p, 

 thick, united in richly-branching chains. Spore-forming 

 cells reaching 20 p, long. Spores I to 4 in each mother- 

 cell. Forms the so-called " mould " on fermented liquids, 

 and develops on the surface without exciting fermenta- 

 tion. When forced to grow submerged, a little alcohol is 

 produced, but the fungus soon dies. They occur on wine, 

 beer, fruit-juices, and sauerkraut. 



Sacch. albicans (Oidium allicans). Cells partly 



