352 APPENDIX. 



Flagellated organisms in the blood of 

 horses, mules, and camels. In India a fatal 

 disease, known by the natives as Surra, occurs in 

 horses, mules, and camels. The malady is described 

 as a blood disease, characterised by fever, accompanied 

 by jaundice, petechiae of mucous membranes, great 

 prostration, and rapid wasting, terminating in death. 

 Evans* observed the presence of a parasite in the blood, 

 and by means of subcutaneous inoculation, and by the 

 introduction into the stomach of blood containing the 

 parasites, the disease was transmitted to healthy animals. 



Steel,f who was deputed to investigate this disease in 

 British Burma, also found the parasite in all cases, and 

 further observed that it appeared as the temperature rose 

 and disappeared during the apyrexial periods. This 

 observer concluded that the organism was a spiral bac- 

 terium, and named it, after its discoverer, Spirochceta 

 Evansi. 



Flagellated organisms in the blood of fish. 

 In the blood of mud-fish (Cobitis fossilis) MitrophanowJ 

 observed the presence of peculiar micro-parasites (Fig. 

 130). As a i per cent, salt solution had been added to 

 the blood under examination, it occurred to Mitrophanow 

 that they were possibly the cytozoa described by Gaule ; 

 but this idea was dismissed by the fact that they were 

 found in blood to which no salt solution was added. 

 Their size varied from 30 to 40 p, in length, and i to I *5 //, 

 in width. At first their rapid movements baffled examina- 

 tion, but as the rapidity lessened there was the appearance 

 of a curling movement in the body portion, and a swinging 

 movement of the lash. The organism moved in the 

 direction of the lash, the anterior end of the body being 



* Evans, Report published by the Punjab Government Military 

 Department, No. 439. 1880. 



t Steel, A.V.D., An Investigation into an Obscure and Fata 

 Disease among Transport Mules in British Burma. 1885. 



\ " Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Hamatozoen," Biol. Centrabl., 

 iii., 1883, pp. 35-44. 



